Around AD 1000, the Dark Ages were coming to an end. Five centuries after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, we see that Europe gradually began to recover.
Things that were discontinued after the end of the Roman Empire were now starting to return:
- The European kingdoms were safer now so merchants were travelling again to other countries: International trade returned.
- New roads were built, Roman roads were restored.
- Money was used again.
- More people learned to read and write. Schools and universities were built. Europeans became more literate and educated.
- New cities were built. With the return of trade it was possible again to live in a city.