GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES CHALLENGE: IMPROVING COMMUNICATION

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2,3

Introductie

Uitleg bij §1 van het Thema media. Methode: Thema's Maatschappijleer

Part 1: Communication

Learning goals

You know the communication model and know how to apply it 

You can explain what reliable information is

You can give an example of one-sided communication

You know the difference between verbal and non-verbal communication 

You know what mass communication is 

What comes to mind when you think of the word 'communication'?

A teacher listens intentionally to a pupil telling him about his home situation.
Is this communication?

1. Yes
2. No

A teacher provides feedback to a pupil, who slouches in her chair and has an angry look on her face.
Is this communication?

1. Yes
2. No

Two pupils mimicking things to each other/ making gestures to let each other know how a test went, when not all pupils have finished yet.
Is this communication?

1. Yes
2. No

A teacher mails a pupil, informing him/her that they scored an insufficient for her assignment.
Is this communication?

1. Yes
2. No

"Je kunt niet niet communiceren"

What is communication?

1. Using language
2. Interpreting a message
3. Transferring information from one person to another
4. Understanding a message

communication

ewelkW

sender

receiver

het doorgeven en ontvangen van informatie

content

medium

Alle gesprekken die je voert, via welk middel dan ook, is een vorm van communicatie. Wij communiceren tegenwoordig heel vaak via een medium.

communication

Communication happens all the time. 

Four types of communication are: 

1. direct or indirect
2. one-sided or two-sided 
   
3. non-verbal or verbal
4. personal or mass communication
   

Direct and indirecte communication

• direct communication: face-to-face contact (language and gestures). In the same space

• indirect communication: telephone, computer, newspaper, TV. Not in the same space.

one-sided or two-sided

One-sided = you only receive information, you can't react. Often indirect information

Two-sided = you are both sender and receiver. There's often interaction between sender and receiver

Interaction

an occasion when two or more people or things communicate with or react to each other.

Messages go to and fro.

What is this?

1. One-sided communication
2. Two-sided communication

1. One-sided communication
2. Two-sided communication

Reading an information brochure

TTO-intake interview

A chat in a group app

One-sided communication 

Two-sided communication

Multi- communication

non-verbal or verbal

Body language is non-verbal communication: your body 'talks': feelings, thoughts, and posture often show 'on the outside. This can be conscious (e.g. waving) or subconscious (blushing, sweating)

Speaking or writing  are called verbal communication: words are used to convey a message.

List as many ways of how to communicate non-verbally

1. Verbal communication
2. Non-verbal communication

1. Verbal communication
2. Non-verbal communication

The King of Non-verbal Communication

What's the difference between verbal and non-verbal communication?

List 3 examples of non-verbal communication

1. Laughing, talking and nodding
2. Laughing, pulling an angry face and your text book
3. Laughing, pulling an angry face and eye contact

Verbal communication is communication without words

1. True
2. False

List 3 examples of verbal communication

1. Talking, whispering and yelling
2. Talking, waving and e-mail
3. Pulling an angry face, talking and waving

personal or mass communication

1 zender, veel ontvangers

Wanneer een medium (tv, krant, boeken, radio, billboards, enz.) een groot publiek bereikt, is het een massamedium

mass communication

Drawing exercise

Do you think what I think?

Step 1: work with your neighbour

Step 2: sit back-to-back

Step 3: one person draws an object on their paper 

Step 4: the one with the drawing explains how the other should draw it. 

Step 5: Are the instructions good enough and can the other see what the object is supposed to be?

Question: is my way of communicating clear enough to get the message across to the receiver who has no former knowledge? 

mediawijsheid 

Part 2:

(Social) Media

What are media?

• Media is the plural of medium
  
• Media are means of communication to send messages 
  
• If the audience is big, we talk about mass media
• Media that use one-sided communication are e.g newspapers, TV, radio and film 

• Social media are media that make use of multi-communication
  

What are the purposes of media?

What are social media?

Social media (vert.: sociale media) is the English term for any website, app and/or platform where the users (and not some group of editors ) make their own content. 

Characteristics of social media

• online platforms and mass communication
• usually work via an app
• users make the content; often there's little to no control by the platform 
• a lot of interaction among their users 
• usually millions of users 

What are social media used for?

knowledge and news

entertainment

contact

identity

What do YOU use social media for?

00:10

What social media do you use?

00:59

Which function of media use is best visible here?

1. knowledge and news
2. entertainment
3. social contact
4. identity

What does the term trending topic' mean?

What does 'vlogging' mean?

What does 'a tag' mean?

List advantages of social media

Advantages of social media

• Usually fun, simple and free 
• One can get to know people easily and you may even become famous! 
• The world gets 'smaller': we learn a lot about other parts of the world 
• News can be spread in a quick and easy way
• It offers freedom of speech and press freedom if not allowed

List disadvantages of social media

Disadvantages of social media

• Threatening, blackmail and cyberbullying 
• It may be TOO anonymous 
• Difference between real news and fake news sometimes unclear 
• privacy may be at risk
• platforms may disappear within a few years 
• It may be addictive (fear of missing out)
  

Video

Clipphanger: Wat is socialbesitas?

How many hours a day do you spend on social media?

Why do we think
'likes' are so important?

Likes...

1. Cause affirmation (bevestiging) and praise!
2. Take fears away!
3. Give us the sense of being in love!
4. Are a cure for insecurity!

Social Media
makes us less social

1. Waar
2. Niet waar

Not only is the importance of social signals a very old feature, it is also deeply rooted in our brain.

How do you feel if you get a negative comment on social media?

Would you ever post a like to someone who never does the same to you?

Do you ever feel bad about
social media or because of
something that goes on online?

1. YES!
2. Sometimes!
3. Never!
4. I barely use social media....

Part 4: 

Media literacy

Goal

At the end of this part, you know what media literacy is and how to deal with social media in a safe way. We will also have established a set of 'rules' on how to behave on social media.

What do you already know about
media literacy?

Media literacy

Media literacy is anything that has to do with new media, social media, internet, smartphones, tablets and how to deal with these in a sensible way. 

Media literacy is a set of skills you need to participate in the digital world in an active and conscious way. 

Question

How can one tell if the information you hear, read or see is reliable? 

Reliable information

• Sources: where does a text come from?
• Have Facts (objective) and opinions (subjective) been separated?
• Adversarial procedure: have different people, with different perspectives, been consulted?

Wat betekent 'fake news'?

Is 'media literacy' a children's right? ?

The right to media literacy

In 1989,  governments across the world promised all children the same rights by adopting the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. This treaty grants all children a comprehensive set of rights. 

However, much has changed over the past decades. Our current media society offers children opportunities, but also raises questions about the rights, duties and possibilities of children, their parents/guardians and the media. 

The manifest Right to Media Literacy lists 10 basic media rights  - established by children and experts:

The right to  media literacy - Children have the right to:

1. internet access 
2. safe media
   
3. education in medialiteracy 
4. media literate education 
5. 'be forgotten'
6. freedom of speech in the media 
7. online privacy
   
8. protection against harmful images and texts 
9. play online 
10. media boundaries

What does 'trolling' mean?

Cyberbullying

Het Klokhuis

Statement 1:
Making jokes on social media or internet is less bad than IRL.

1. Agree
2. Disagree

Statement 2:
Without a profile on Facebook, Instagram etc. you can't be a victim of cyber bullying.

1. Agree
2. Disagree

Statement 3:
Posting pictures of someone else in swimming trunks or a bikini is a way of cyber bullying

1. Agree
2. Disagree

Statement 4:
The quality of my friendships improves because of social media.

1. Agree
2. Disagree

Statement 5:
Sociale Media are a distraction when you do homework or other important things.

1. Agree
2. Disagree

Statement 6:
Young people lose contact with the real world because they are constantly on their phones.

1. Agree
2. Disagree

Have you ever experienced something 'bad' on social media?

1. No, never
2. Yes, once
3. Yes, more than once
4. IDK

What is Socialbesitas?

1. disliking social media
2. Being addicted to chatting
3. binge-watching
4. Being addicted to using social media

I count to 10 before posting a comment on social media.

1. Yes
2. No

Anyone is allowed to post photos and videos of me on Insta without asking.

1. Yes
2. No

If I think a post is 'fake news', I make sure I check it before sharing it or responding to it.

1. Yes
2. No

If I repost/forward a hurtful video, I am also responsible/accountable for the consequences.

1. Yes
2. No

Improving communication

observing and listening

factors that affect observation:

1. The observee: appearance (clothes, hairdo, age, sex, skin colour); emotions: surprise, fear, anger, sadness, happiness

2. The observer: mood (are you tired, excited, sleepy), personal motivation, prejudices, age, sex, upbringing, education and experience 

Wat is interpreteren?

Interpretation

Interpretation is assigning meaning to someone's feelings or thoughts, based on someone's action. 

Observation

Exercises

0

Listening

Levels of listening

• passive listening is not listening
• selective listening is listening intently. You only pay attention to the information you need
• superficial listening is a minimal reaction
  
• active listening is really listening 

Listening...

• Is quite a challenge
  
• Eye contact
• Voice
• Dynamics
• Posture
• Nodding, and uh-huh-ing

Welk misverstand is er hier?

Wat is feedback?

Feedback

Feedback is het terugkoppelen van informatie van de ene persoon naar de andere, waarbij duidelijk gemaakt wordt hoe de boodschap (of het gedrag) van de een op de ander overkomt. 

Mondelinge communicatie zonder feedback stopt vrijwel meteen. Als zender heb je namelijk behoefte aan feedback, al zijn het maar kleine geluidjes zoals 'hmm' of knikjes van het hoofd.

Soorten vragen
Wat voor soorten vragen ken je?

Had je dat niet wat subtieler aan kunnen pakken? is een

1. Suggestieve vraag
2. tegenvraag
3. Verduidelijkingsvraag
4. Confronterende vraag

Waarom vraag je dat? is een

1. Tegenvraag
2. Verduidelijkingsvraag

In de communicatie wordt vaak gesproken over OMA thuislaten. Waar staat deze afkorting voor?

1. oorzaken, manieren en adviezen
2. opnames, moetjes en aanvullingen
3. oplossingen, maatregelen en aanwijzingen
4. oordelen, meningen en aannames of ongevraagde adviezen

Een regel in de communicatie is dat je ANNA meeneemt in een goed gesprek. Waar staat de afkorting ANNA voor?

1. Altijd Noemen, Nooit Aanwijzen
2. Altijd Navragen, Niet zomaar Aannemen
3. Altijd Nemen, Niet Afgeven
4. Altijd Nagaan, Niet Afgaan

Wat betekent LSD?

1. Luisteren, spreken, doorzetten
2. Luisteren, selecteren, domineren
3. Luisteren, samenvatten, doorvragen
4. Een snoepje

Oefening 

Now that you know more about communication and social media...

Let's create our own set of social media rules: at school and school-related!

In little groups, make up a set of a minimum of 10 rules concerning social media and school.

Share the rules in class. Your teacher will upload them in a document.