circulatory system - unit 2 - TTO

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Circulatory system

unit 2

How many heartbeats per minute?

The heart pumps around 5-6 litres blood per minute throughout the body

1. True
2. False

Interesting facts about the heart

1. Your heart beats over 100.000 times a day

2. There are bout 96.000 km of bloodvessels in your body!!

3. Your heart pumps about 5 to 6 litres blood through your whole body in just 1 minute!

4. The first open-heart surgery was performed in 1893

5. A woman's heart beats slightly faster than a man's heart

The circulatory system:

1. The heart

2. Bloodvessels

How many chambers do you think the heart has?

1. 2
2. 4
3. 6
4. 8

The heart

- four chambers

- 2 atria

- 2 ventricles

Blood always enters the heart via an atrium

This type of muscle makes your heart pump.

1. smooth muscles
2. voluntary muscles
3. involuntary muscles
4. cardiac muscles

The heart

-left side pumps oxygen rich 

  blood into the systemic 

  circulation 

-right side pumps oxygen poor

  blood into the pulmonary 

  circulation

left = right

Yes, in the picture the left side is blue - this indicates oxigen poor blood, but actually it is the right side of the heart

We always see the heart from the front, but we consider it our own heart.

When I raise my right hand, you will not say that it is my left hand...

one way valve

As you can see, a valve only opens in one direction

Valves only open in one way,

just like a door, if you push from one side the door opens easily, but if you push from the other side you will push it even closer...

Bloodflow

Bloodflow in the heart is a 

one-way street.

It follows the direction of the arrows

When blood flows back to the heart, where does it go first?

1. into the valves
2. into the atria
3. into the ventricles
4. into the septum

Which valve is at the beginning of the left (big) bloodvessel?

1. Pulmonary valve
2. Bicuspid valve
3. Tricuspid valve
4. Aortic valve

How is it possible that blood only flows one way?
Because:

1. of the blood pressure
2. blood cells know how to flow
3. there are valves
4. how the heart contracts

Which valves are located between the atria and ventricles?

1. Tricuspid valve & bicuspid valve
2. Bicuspid valve & aortic valve
3. aortic valve & pulmonary valve
4. Pulmonary valve & tricuspid valve

Pulmonary circulation

To the lungs to pick up oxygen and drop off carbondioxide

 

Systemic circulation

To every part of your body to drop of oxygen and nutrients and pick up carbondioxide and other waste products

 

Coronary circulation

Blood circulation of the heart

-Arteries: towards the heart

  muscle

-Veins: away from the heart 

  muscle

The pathway of blood from the heart to the lungs, back to the heart is called the .... circulation.

The systemic circulation makes sure your kidneys get oxygenated blood

1. True
2. False

Our blood circulation is a 'double circulatory system'. What does it mean?

When is blood 'deoxygenated'?

1. When the concentration oxygen is low and the concentration carbon dioxide high
2. When the concentration of oxygen is high and the concentration of carbon dioxide high

Which part of the circulatory system prevents blood from flowing back?

1. Veins
2. Arteries
3. Valves
4. Atria

The heart 

- is a double pump

 - left side pumps oxygen rich

    blood (red) towards your

    body

- right side pumps oxygen

   poor blood (blue) towards

   your lungs 

Through which side of the heart flows oxygenated blood?

1. Right side
2. Left side

When blood goes to the heart, it flows into the ventricles first.

1. Correct
2. False

Describe the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation

Bloodvessels 

Bloodvessels

Artery - capillaries - vein

Where is your blood?

blood with oxygen

blood with carbon dioxide

respiration

Which type of bloodvessel has a thick and muscular wall?

1. Veins
2. Arteries
3. Capillaries
4. All of them

ARTERY

CAPILLARY

VEIN

• away from the heart
  
• often oxygenated blood
  
• elastic walls
  
• high pressure
  
• towards organs
  
• small diameter
  
• muscular

• a bit muscular
  
• wide diameter
  
• towards the heart
  
• often deoxygenated blood
  
• away from organs
  
• has valves
  
• very low pressure

• not muscular
  
• lower pressure
  
• diameter 0.001 mm
  
• microscopic 
• important for gas exchange
• runs through organs or tissues

Bloodvessels connected to the heart

• Aorta
• Pulmonary artery
• Pulmonary vein
• Superior Vena Cava
• Superior means 'upper' in Latin
• Inferior Vena Cava
• Inferior means 'lower' in Latin

Veins contain _______ to prevent blood from flowing back

1. Openings
2. Capillaries
3. Valves

(1)____________ transport blood to the heart.
(2)____________ transport blood away from the heart

Give an explanation why arteries lay deep in the body while veins lay more on the surface

Veins

Capillaries

Arteries

Has very thin walls

Has very thick muscular walls

Has walls with valves on the inside

Can do diffusion (gasexchange)

Always flows back to the heart

Always flows away from the heart

Pulmonary vein

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Vena cava

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

Blood route question: an oxygen molecule flows from the capillaries in the lung to the capillaries in the kidney. 

Drag the major blood vessels and parts of the heart through which this oxygen molecule passes in the right order. BE AWARE! Not all blood vessels and parts of the heart are part of this route!

1

2

3

4

5

pulmonary artery

left atrium

right atrium

right ventricle

aorta

pulmonary vein

renal artery

renal vein

left ventricle

superior vena cava

B5: cardiovacular diseases

-Blood pressure: high or low.

-Blockages: heart attack; stroke etc.

Blood pressure

• systolic pressure: high pressure caused by ventricle action: blood flows through arteries and streches them.
  
• Diastolic pressure: pressure in relaxed arteries.
  
• 120-80 mmHg is considered healthy.
  

how does the body produce blood?

• the bone marrow of bones produces bloodcells (red bone marrow)
• PLATELETS, RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS

the components of blood

Made by: Thomas & Sem

V2TG

Chapter 3 par. 5

the composition of blood

--> blood plasma:

• Carries substances + fibrinogen (clotting)

--> solids

• Red blood cells, 
• White blood cells, 
• Platelets.

Red blood cell

White blood cell

Platelets

Red bloodcells (RBC)

- Red bloodcells transport oxygen

- RBC don't have a nucleus --> live up to 120 days

- RBC contain a protein called 'haemoglobin' 

iron deficiency = anemia (bloedarmoede)

White bloodcells

(WBC)

•  Are called 'lymphocytes' 
• WBC fight against Disease
• Can take on any shape 
• Lymphocytes produce anti-bodies

Blood clotting

• platelets (small cell fragments)
  
  
• important for clotting
  
  
• fibrinogen (soluble protein) --> fibrin (meshwork of threads)
  
  
• red blood cells get trapped

Bloodtypes

• RBC have antigens on the surface
• Antigens are 'markers' 
• Antigen A = bloodtype A
• Antigen B = bloodtype B
• Antigen A en B = bloodtype AB
• No antigens = bloodtype O

ANTIGENS    &    ANTIBODIES

Proteins on the surface (= cell membrane) of cells. Important for recognition.

Proteins made by lymphocytes 

(= white blood cells) can stick to antigens to inactivate them. Antibodies can be found in blood plasma.

What will happen when u receive the wrong bloodtype?

Which antigens and anti-bodies has someone with bloodtype B?

1. Antigen A, antibodies B
2. Antigen B, antibodies A
3. No antigens, antibodies B
4. Antigen A, no anti-bodies

If u have bloodtype A, can u donate your blood to someone with bloodtype B?

1. Yes
2. No

Peter needs a bloodtransfusion. He has bloodtype AB. Which bloodtypes can he receive?

1. A
2. B
3. O
4. All of them

Which bloodtype is an universal donor?

1. O
2. AB
3. A
4. B

Bloodtypes

1. What are antigens?

2. What are antibodies?

3. Name the 4 different bloodtypes.

4. Which bloodtype is an universal donor?

5. Which bloodtype is an universal acceptor?

6. We have the AB0 antigen system. Which antigen can also be present on the surface of red bloodcells?

7. If someone has bloodtype A, which antigens and antibodies are present in blood?

Let's practice! (15 min)

Choose one of the following subjects below and study it for about 5 minutes (use your book). Explain it to your neighbour like you are teaching the subject. Use the important keywords from the book! 

1. Pulmonary, systemic and coronary circulation

2. The parts of the heart and their functions

3. Bloodvessels and their functions

4. Components of blood and their functions

5. Bloodtypes