Energy sources & conversion

• Natuurkunde
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2,3

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Nova 3 HV TTO 2019-2020

Ch4 paragraph 2

Energy sources & conversion

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Textboek

Nova 3 HV TTO 2019-2020

You can mention different energy sources and explain their advantages/ disadvantages. 

You know the difference between primary and secondary energy sources.

You can explain why energy never gets lost.

You can explain the relationship between fossil fuels, bio fuels and the climate

Energy sources

which energy
sources
do you know?

Primary energy source

These sources can be used directly as they appear in the natural environment.

For example coal, oil natural gas, wood, nuclear fuels (uranium), the sun, the wind, tides, mountain lakes, rivers (hydroelectric energy) and the earth itself that supplies geothermal energy.

Secundary energy source

These sources include resources that have been converted or stored.

For example petroleum, natural gas, coal, biomass, flowing water, wind and solar radiation. Those are the fuels that can be mined, reaped, extracted, harvested or harnessed directly.

Natural gas

Disadvantage

1. damaging to the ecosystem
2. non renewable source
3. highly flammable
4. costly transportation
5. most common cause of carbon monoxide deaths

Advantage

1. cleanest fossil fuel
2. relatively cheap
3. easy to transport
4. safely stored
5. largely available

Fossil fuel

Fossil fuels  are formed from the remains of dead plants and animals.

Fossil fuel

Fossil fuels  are formed from the remains of dead plants and animals.

Advantage

1. easy to exploit by surface mining
2. easy to handle and transport
3. usable as it is
4. plentiful available
5. energy dense

Disadvantage

1. causing airpollution 
2. causing climate change
3. non renewable
4. not very efficient 

Coal

Oil

Advantage

low cost

low land use

energy dense

easily transported

relative inexpensive

efficient distribution system

Disadvantage

1. non renewable
2. airpollution
3. ecological pollution
4. water pollution
5. deforestation

Fossil fuel

Fossil fuels  are formed from the remains of dead plants and animals.

Biomass

Advantage

1. widely available
2. cheap
3. renewable fuel
4. carbon neutral
5. turns waste into energy
6. 
   

This fuel source does not contribute to global warming since the plants store CO2 from the air at first before releasing it again when used as a fuel.

De biomassa is overal te gebruiken en in te zetten naar de vraag.De biomassa zorgt niet voor extra CO₂ omdat de vrijgekomen CO₂ weer wordt opgenomen door de nieuwe biomassa (kleine CO₂ kringloop)goedkoop (wel duurder dan fossiele brandstoffen)

Disadvantage

1. you need(to clear) a lot of land
2. not entirely clean
3. expensive
4. not easily trandported

De biomassa (chemische energie) is energie die net als de fossiele brandstof een brandstof is. Er komt dus ook CO2 in de lucht.

De brandstof wordt alleen verkregen van organisch materiaal die nu leeft, dus wordt er bij het verkrijgen van de brandstof ook CO2 opgenomen. Dit noemen we CO2-neutraal.

Van biomassa kun je gas en olie producten maken en die kun je net zo inzetten als de fossiele brandstoffen.

Advantage

1. easily tailored to the demand.
2. no greenhouse effect
3. small amount of fuel needed
4. cheap & largely available fuel
5. cheap to run when build
6. small powerstations with lots of energy

Disadvantage

1. expensive to build
2. non renewable
3. produces radioactive waste
4. expensive to decommission

Nuclear energy

Wind energy

Advantage

1. no pollution
2. no greenhouse effect
3. renewable
4. cost effective
5. we have a lot of wind

Disadvantage

1. ecological impact (noise & death birds)
2. dependant on the wind.
3. you need materials for the batteries
4. unpredicatable power
5. noise disturbance
6. expensive at sea

Solar energy

Advantage

1. no pollution
2. no greenhouse effect
3. renewable
4. low maintenance

Disadvantage

1. high initial cost
2. seasonal energy
3. location sensivity
4. no power during nights
5. low power on cloudy days 
6. unreliable
7. materials needed to produce storage batteries
   

Geothermal energy

Advantage

1. no environmental impact
2. infinite source
3. heat can be stored for later use
4. high efficiency
5. cost effective

Disadvantage

1. location dependent
2. waterpollution
3. high start up cost
4. unknown lifespan of powerplant

Hydroelectro energy

Advantage

1. reliable energy source
2. relatively cheap
3. no greenhouse gases
4. renewable
5. you can store energy easily

Disadvantage

1. extremely expensive to build
2. large impact on the vallet below
3. impact on fish populations
4. requires water (draughts are bad)
5. needs mountainous region

Tidal energy

Advantage

1. free renewable energy
2. no waste
3. not expensive to operate & maintain
4. predictable tides & energy flow
5. high energy density

Disadvantage

1. huge investment
2. not every location is suitable
3. impacts marine life
4. only effective for a few hours

Wave energy

Advantage

• renewable
• environmental friendly
• no greenhouse effect
• many regions are avaiable reducing dependance on foreign counttries 

Disadvantage

1. few ideal locations
2. variable energy supply
3. visual impact
4. can disturb marine life
5. visible & noise disturbance

Hydrogen energy

Advantage

• renewable
• environmental friendly
• no greenhouse effect
• large resources
• high energy efficiency
• tranpsport, storage & production is relatively easy

Disadvantage

• flammable
• danger of explosion
• controlling it is a technical challenge

0

Explain the difference between
the natural greenhouse effect
and the enhanced greenhouse effect
Look it up if you need to

Tell me why biomass is not really a renewable energy source

Fossil fuels biggest
disadvantages are?

Which of the following
best describes the
greenhouse effect on Earth?

1. The greenhouse effect gives the sky its blue colour and the sea its blue-green colour
2. The greenhouse effect is the result of industrial pollution and man-made fires
3. The greenhouse effect is the ‘trapping’ of some of the Earth’s infrared radiation in the atmosphere
4. The greenhouse effect is caused by the hole in the ozone layer

The greenhouse effect is necessary
for life on Earth because

1. it shields us from the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation
2. it helps keep the temperature of the Earth not too hot and not too cold
3. it provides us with the oxygen gas we need for life
4. it provides the carbon dioxide necessary for plants to photosynthesise

The flow chart that shows the energy transformation occurring in a wind turbine is best represented by

1. heat energy → electrical energy
2. gravitational potential energy → electrical energy
3. solar energy → electrical energy
4. kinetic energy → electrical energy

Which of the following is classified
as a non-renewable energy resource?

1. Nuclear power station
2. Wind turbine generator
3. Hydroelectric power station
4. Geothermal power station

The enhanced greenhouse effect
may be causing a gradual increase in

1. The amount of solar energy entering the Earth’s atmosphere
2. The amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere
3. The amount of ultraviolet light reaching the Earth’s surface
4. The average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and surface

Which one of the following pairs of gases
are both greenhouse gases?

1. Carbon dioxide gas and water vapour
2. Carbon dioxide gas and oxygen gas
3. Nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas
4. Water vapour and oxygen gas

Selma is going to boil an egg.
When the water boils, the temperature
of the water will remain 100 °C.

This is because:

1. no more energy is absorbed by the water
2. supplied energy will be released to the surroundings
3. supplied energy is used to move molecules father away
4. supplied energy is getting destroyed

What are fossils anyway?

1. The remains of plants and animals
2. Old skeletons in the earth
3. The remains of dinosaurs
4. Old buildings like ruins

What kind of fossil fuels
are located in our Dutch soil

1. Oil, natural gas and coal
2. Coal and natural gas
3. Natural gas in Groningen
4. We do not have any fossil fuels left

What energy source
do we use most?

1. Wind energy
2. Solar energy
3. Biomass
4. Oil

What renewable energy source
do we use most?

1. Wind energy
2. Solar energy
3. Biomass
4. Oil

What fuel is not a fossil fuel?

1. oil
2. brown coal
3. charcoal
4. coal

What fuel is no biomass?

1. prunings of plants, shrubs and treetops
2. cooking fat
3. biodiesel
4. diesel

What disadvantage do
wind energy, solar energy, nuclear energy and hydro-energy have in common?

1. waste products
2. enhanced greenhouse effect
3. the need of ground sources to produce batteries
4. residu heat

Which one is not a greenhouse gas

1. Water vapor
2. Ozon
3. Carbondioxide
4. Nitrogen

Make Ch 4 paragaph 2 Question 12-20

Make the questions in your notenbook 

+ answer & upload the required questions

[Q19] A power company wants to replace a power plant with a capacity of 800 MW with windmills.
A windmill about 100 m high provides 3.0 MW on average.
a Calculate how many windmills would be needed,
b The windmills are placed along the coast.
The length of the coastline of the Netherlands is 451 km.
Calculate the distance between the windmills,
c Give one benefit and one disadvantage of this plan.

Give me your opninion on the use of biofuell

Search the internet for articles to base your opinion on
(share them here, together with your argumentation)