Unit 6 repeat

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Planning

- Repeat Unit 6

- Unit 1.5 Making food

- Unit 2.2 Organs of plants

How is your potato plant doing? Show me your picture.

 Repeat 

Unit 6 Reproduction in plants and animals

BS 1, 2, 3, 4 + 7

Learning goals 

bs 1 and 2

1. you must be able to name the parts of a flower and its features and functions.
   
   
2. you must be able to describe what pollination is. 
3. And you must be able to tell the difference between cross-pollination and self-pollination.
4. you must be able to list the features of insect-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers. 
   

Flower parts with features and functions:  

kenmerken en functies   

Sepals (Calyx)

Petals (Corolla)

Stamen

Carpel

Male reproductive organ

Stigma, style and ovary

To attract insects

Produce egg cells  in ovum

Filaments and anther with pollen sacs

Produce pollen grains 

To protect the flower bud against cold and dehydration

Large and brightly colored, sometimes small and green

Usually green

What are the female sex cells called?

What are the male sex cells called?

Flowers

Corolla = petals 

Often big and colorful.  

Why is this useful for the flower?

Calyx = sepals 

Usually green. 

Why is this color useful for the flower?

BS 1.5 Photosynthesis

Green parts of a plant can do photosynthesis = make their own food out of sunlight, so they can grow. This can only happen during the day of course! 

CO2 + H2O + sunlight -> glucose (sugar) + O2 (oxygen)

BS 2.2 Organs of plants

De organen van planten zijn:

• flowers
• leaves
• stems
• roots

stem

Stems have 2 functions:

• carry the leaves and the flower (stevigheid)
• transport water and nutrients 

Leaves

Function: making food for the plant (photosynthesis)

Vascular system (alle vaten van een plant)

Function is transport.

Water en voedingsstoffen gaan van de wortels naar andere delen.

Glucose (voedsel) gaat van de bladeren naar andere delen.

Learning goals 

bs 1 and 2

1. you must be able to name the parts of a flower and its features and functions.
   
   
2. you must be able to describe what pollination is. 
3. And you must be able to tell the difference between cross-pollination and self-pollination.
4. you must be able to list the features of insect-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers. 
   
   

Pollination - read carefully!

Self-pollination

Cross-pollination

No pollination

When pollen on the anther of a flower reaches the stigma of a flower on the same plant

When pollen from one plant reaches the stigma of a flower on another plant 

When pollen of one species (=soort) reaches the stigma of a flower of another species

Self-pollination

Cross-pollination

No pollination

Number 1

Number 2

Number 3

Number 4

Number 5

Number 6

Number 7

Number 8

Learning goals 

bs 1 and 2

1. you must be able to name the parts of a flower and its features and functions.
   
   
2. you must be able to describe what pollination is. 
3. And you must be able to tell the difference between cross-pollination and self-pollination.
4. you must be able to list the features of insect-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers. 
   

Learning goals 

bs 1 and 2

1. you must be able to name the parts of a flower and its features and functions.
   
   
2. you must be able to describe what pollination is. 
3. And you must be able to tell the difference between cross-pollination and self-pollination.
4. you must be able to list the features of insect-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers. 
   

Learning goals
basics 3, 4 and 7

- you must be able to list the features of insect-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers. 

- you must be able to describe the fertilisation process in seed plants. 

- you must be able to describe te changes that take place in the ovary after fertilisation. 

- you must be able to tell how the fruits and seeds of a plant are dispersed. 

A tulip breeder wants to cultivate a new variety (DNA) of tulip from two existing tulip varieties.

Will he use cross-pollination or self-pollination? Explain your answer.

Learning goals
basics 3, 4 and 7

- you must be able to list the features of insect-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers. 

- you must be able to describe the fertilization process in seed plants. 

- you must be able to describe te changes that take place in the ovary after fertilization. 

- you must be able to tell how the fruits and seeds of a plant are dispersed. 

Insect-pollinated flowers

Wind-pollinated flowers

The petals are colored 

The petals are small and green

The flowers have nectar and are scented

The flowers don't have nectar

Pollen sacs are outside the flower

Pollen sacs are inside the flower

Stigma is usually inside the flower

Stigma is usually outside the flower

Stigma are feathery 

pollen grains are rough and sticky

Pollen grains are smooth and light

The stigmas of this species of grass have a feathery shape.
What advantage (=voordeel) does this have for the plant?

Learning goals
basics 3, 4 and 7

- you must be able to list the features of insect-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers. 

- you must be able to describe the fertilization process in seed plants. 

- you must be able to describe te changes that take place in the ovary after fertilization. 

- you must be able to tell how the fruits and seeds of a plant are dispersed. 

Fertilization

Fertilization is the moment that the nucleus of the pollen grain and the nucleus of the egg cell fuse (=versmelten)

An ovary of a certain flower contains six ovules. The egg cells of four of the ovules are fertilised; the egg cells of the other two remain unfertilised.

How many seeds will develop in this ovary? Explain your answer

Tomato breeder

Hallo. My name is Ties and I work as a tomato breeder. We make use of breeding to try and improve the properties of the plants. Almost all the familiar crops that are grown were created by breeding. We look for wild plants with new characteristics. In 2012, a wild tomato plant was found that was not affected by whitefly. Whitefly is a species of insect that can do a great deal of damage in a greenhouse. A tomato variety that is not affected by whitefly will produce a better yield. I am crossing the wild tomato with tomato plants that we already cultivate in an effort to develop a variety that will produce nice tomatoes and is not affected by whitefly.

Ties does the pollination of the plants himself. He collects pollen from one of the two plants that he wants to cross. He then uses that pollen to pollinate flowers of the other plant. After pollination, he covers the carpels, marking the flowers that he has already done.

Why does Ties cover the carpels after pollination?

Learning goals
basics 3, 4 and 7

- you must be able to list the features of insect-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers. 

- you must be able to describe the fertilization process in seed plants. 

- you must be able to describe te changes that take place in the ovary after fertilization. 

- you must be able to tell how the fruits and seeds of a plant are dispersed. 

Dispersal of fruits and seeds

• Plants disperse the seeds themselves by ejecting the seeds over a distance 
• Seeds are dispersed by wind
• Seeds are dispersed by animals and humans 

Find a nice photo of seed dispersal by animals

Which part becomes fruit pulp after fertilisation

1. ovary
2. sepals
3. carpel
4. ovule

Food chains and food webs

Food chain

Food web

Thursday's planning

1. Hand in your report on the schoolgarden (15-6-2022) 

and your potato logbook.

2. Ask questions

3. Make Test Yourself

4. Make D-toets