U5 B1 2HVTTO

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

B1 Genotype and Phenotype

• Jacket in your locker
• Put your things on your desk

       Laptop/Book

       Notebook, pencil case

• Bag on the floor
  
• Read pages 96-100

Lessongoals

• Understand: I can explain that every body cell contains the complete DNA of an organism by describing where the DNA is located and what it does.
• Understand: I can explain the difference between genotype and phenotype by comparing the two with correct examples.
• Apply: I can give examples of how an organism's phenotype can change by describing influences like environment or lifestyle.
• Understand: I can explain how cells use only the genes they need by describing how gene activation works.
• Analyze: I can explain whether traits are inherited or learned by giving examples and explaining the cause of each. 

Homework U5 B1

asgmt 1-8 (5)

OR challenge

asgmt 1, 6-10

A human has ... chromosomes in each cell. (number)

Alphabet: Think-Pair-Share

• Think: Work on the assignment on your own.
• Write all the letters of the alphabet in your notebook in 3 rows
• Use each letter to write a characteristic of yourself (example: blond, blue eyes, slim, smart, etc.)

• Pair: Discuss and compare with your neighbour, improve your answer
• Share: Talk about given answers during plenary session.
• Which characterstics are hereditary?

How much influence does your DNA have on your:
Hair colour

none

some

much

Complete, only your DNA decides it

How much influence does your DNA have on your:
Height

None

Some

Much

Complete, only your DNA decides it

How much influence does your DNA have on your:
Weight

None

Some

Much

Complete, only your DNA decides it

How much influence does your DNA have on your:
sexual orientation (straight, gay, etc.)

None

Some

Much

Complete, only your DNA decides it

DNA

• Humans: 46 chromosomes in each body cell
• DNA stores information for all of your hereditary characteristics (example: blue eyes)
• Complete DNA = Genotype
• Genotype is created during fertilization

<b>Body cells </b>are all cells that are <b>part of </b>your body.<div>Examples: cells of the intestines, brain, eyes, muscles, skin, etc.</div><div><br></div><div><b>Sex cells </b>(egg cells and sperm cells) are <b>not part of </b>your body, the are an exception, these cells have half the amount of chromosomes</div>

<b>Genotype = </b>all the hereditary information contained in your DNA.<div>You body uses this information to function.</div><div>It tells your body how it should build itself and how all of its part work.</div><div><br></div><div>You can compare the <b>genotype </b>to a <b>cookbook </b>with many recipes.</div><div>Your body is constantly reading this cookbook to know how to make all the parts of your body</div>

examples

<b>Your genotype influences ....</b><div>(<u>influences</u> means that the measure in which the genotype affects something differs)</div><div><ul><li>how tall you will become</li><li>how easy it is to gain/lose weight</li><li>how much talent you have for sports</li><li>what colour your eyes are</li><li>if you are at risk for certain diseases</li><li>your gender/sexual orientation</li></ul></div>

<b>hereditary = </b>characteristics you inherit from your parents

Genotype/DNA don't decide everything!
How can you affect what your body looks like?

Phenotype

• All your characteristics = phenotype
• Phenotype is a combination of: genotype (DNA) and influences from your surroundings

Examples:<div><ul><li>Hair colour</li><li>Weight</li><li>Voice</li><li>Lung capacity</li><li>Build of your muscles</li><li>Size of your feet</li><li>Blood pressure</li><li>etc</li></ul></div>

Examples:<div><ul><li>The weather</li><li>How much you eat</li><li>How much you exercise</li><li>What you do each day</li><li>etc.</li></ul></div>

Phenotype=genotype+surroundings

<ul><li>The sun makes your skin become brown</li><li>If you dye your hair, it will have a different colour</li><li>If you eat too much all the time, you will gain weight</li><li>If you work out a lot, you will lose weight/gain muscle</li><li>If you eat too less when you are young, you won't grow as tall (as you might have been able to)</li></ul>

On or off

• Gene = hereditary information of 1 characteristic
• Every body cell contains all genes (genotype)
• Genes that are on do something in the cell.
• Genes that are off do nothing (for that cell)
• Depends on the type of cell and place in the body

Example:

 Stomach cell : genes for hair colour are off.

 Stomach cell : genes for production of acid are on

Examples

<ul><li>Gene for hair colour</li><li>Gene for eye colour</li><li>Gene for height</li><li>Gene for feet size</li><li>Gene for production of saliva</li></ul>

What you should do: U5 B1

• Read pages  96-102
• Do asgmt  1-8 (5)

OR challenge

• Asgmt 1, 6-10

Done with the above?

• Work on the next chapter(s)
• Learn for the test 
• Make other homework
• Read a book

Zs = Working in Silence

• No asking questions
• Silent, don't disturb anyone
  
• Stay at your  desk

What you should do: U5 B1

• Read pages 96-102
• Do asgmt 1-8 (5)

OR challenge

• Asgmt 1, 6-10

Done with the above?

• Work on the next chapter(s)
• Learn for the test 
• Make other homework
• Read a book

Zw = Working with whispering

• Teacher is available for questions
• Only whisper with the student next to you
• Stay at your  desk

DNA sometimes mutates, this means that part of the DNA changes.
This happens each day in a few cells of our body.

Explain: When looking at a person as a whole, will a mutation change the genotype and/or phenotype?

Tidy Duty

3 people each lesson

• Desks: empty and straight
• Chairs:  underneath the desks OR end of day: on the desks
• Floor: no rubbish