Self lesson 4.3 pt1 and pt3

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• vmbo t, mavo, havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Self lesson 4.3 pt1 and pt3

4.3 Causes of armed conflicts pt 1

Demographic

Economic

Cultural
Political

What do you remember about demographic structures? 

(last year material, Brush up)

Demographic structure

Differences and how to predict it

1. Demographic causes

What do you see here?

Demographic causes

• Demographic structure (“youth bulge”)
      - A high share of young people (15-24 yrs)

         - “Demographics can exacerbate conditions such as unemployment or                   poverty, resulting in a range of different security issues.” 

         - Urbanisation leads to concentration of problems.

         - Unemployment rates around 50 %

         - Consequences:

            Criminality; Political violence; Demonstrations / unrest; Breeding                          ground for terrorism; Migration (internal & international)

Brush up: Urbanisation

Consequences:

- Criminality

- Political violence

- Demonstrations / unrest

- Breeding ground for terrorism

- Migration (internal & international)

Example

Protests had begun in the eastern city of Atbara in Sudan in December 2018, reportedly against the tripling of the price of bread, but then broadened in focus and had spread rapidly throughout the country. By April 2019, protesters demanded an end to the 30-year rule of dictator Omar al-Bashir, who was removed from office on 11 April in a military coup. Protests continued, calling for power to be handed to civilian groups. On 3 June, government forces opened fire on unarmed protesters. Scores of people were killed and many more subject to further violence. Three days later the African Union suspended Sudan, in the midst of widespread international condemnation of the attack. The authorities sought to defuse protests by imposing blackouts, and shutting down the internet. Despite another severe crackdown on 30 June, the pro-democracy movement was eventually successful in signing a power-sharing agreement with the military, on 17 August.

(https://www.worldpressphoto.org/news/2020/contests-winners-announced )

"Food riots" because the food is becoming more and more expensive.

Global supply chain (globalisation) and its vulnerabilities

• Ukraine conflict --> lack of rural labour force / blocked ports --> lower exports of wheat --> rising global wheat prices
• --> developed countries: inflation, shrinking middle class, recession
• --> developing countries: social unrest, poverty, famine?

4.3 Causes of armed conflicts pt 3

Demographic

Economic

Cultural
Political

3. Cultural Causes

Examples:

Rwanda: Hutu’s & Tutsi’s /  Ireland: Prostants & Catholics /  Syria: Syrian Army, ISIS, Kurds /  Nigeria: Boko Haram versus Catholic South

Historical examples:

USA: North & South / race riots /  Conflict NL – Spain /  Balkan conflict: Yugoslavia

Cultural Causes

Different cultures or religions within a country or between countries.

4. Political Causes

Political Causes

Authoritarian regimes / dictatorship:

People start to demonstrate for democracy, freedom, human rights, etc.