Spiritual: to do with religion or feelings
Secular: to do with worldly non-spiritual matters
Hereditary: when something is passed on from father to son
Diocese: a number of churches in a region joined together, led by a bishop
Investiture: the appointment of a bishop by a pope
Investiture Controversy: conflict between secular and spiritual rulers about an investiture
Reformers: people who wanted to reform (= change to make better) the rules of the Church
lay(person): anyone who is not a cleric (anyone who does not work for/ belong to the Church)
Papal bull: formal letter issued by the Pope
Excommunicated: when you are no longer member of the Church and cannot go to heaven
Antipope: someone who claims to be the Pope besides the regularly elected Pope