Evolution 2425 SRN

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Upcoming lessons

- BS 5.4 en 5.5 Evolution

- BS 6.1 to 6.3 Ecology

Unit 5 BS 4 the theory of evolution

What trait does this fawn (baby hertje) have that gives it better evolutionary odds?

Does this tiger have the same benefits?

What do you know already about the theory of evolution?

Evolution

The development of life on Earth, with species appearing and changing and/ or disappearing

Charles Darwin

A nineteenth-century English scientist

Developer of the theory of evolution

Video assignment. Write the questions in your notebook

1. What causes variation in a species?
2. What is the advantage of variation?
3. How do new species arise?  

Variation in genotypes

Sexual reproduction

Mutations

Variation in genotypes caused by mutations and sexual reproduction

Natural selection

An organism can be well or poorly adapted to its environment → this determines its chance of survival.

Organisms with 'beneficial' traits for that environment:

Have (many) offspring

The beneficial traits are passed on.

In the polar region (snow), which organism has the greatest chance of survival and reproduction?






In the polar region (snow), which organism has the greatest chance of survival and reproduction?






In the polar region (snow), which organism has the greatest chance of survival and reproduction?




In the polar region (snow), which organism has the greatest chance of survival and reproduction?




In the polar region (snow), which
organism has the greatest chance of survival and reproduction?

1. The red fox
2. The white fox

Explain how the giraffe has a long neck through natural selection

Species

Organisms belong to the same species when they can reproduce with each other and produce fertile offspring.

When does a species have the greatest chance of survival?

1. If there is no variation in genotype and phenotype
2. If there is variation in genotype and phenotype

Changes in the environment

The species is changing

Obstacle between two groups (isolation)

Divergence , adapation , new species arises

complete the following sentences

1. Evolution occurs through n_______ s________
   
2. Individual organisms show v__________.
3. Many die by predation, disease and c_________
4. Individuals most suited to the environment survive to breed – ‘su______l of the fi_______t.
5. The genes that help the individual survive are passed on to the of_________g.

apply the evolution theory to explain..

why polar bears wear a white fur.

Evolution in Steps

1. More individuals will be born that can survive 'struggle for existence'
   
2. Individuals with an advantage have a higher chance of surviving ' natural selection' 
   
3. The individuals that survive will have a higher chance to produce offspring 
   

Sexual selection: female choice

Let's work

Unit 5.4 the theory of evolution

Question 2, 3, 5, 7 en 8

BS 5.5 History of life on Earth

Overview

• Endtest in exam week will be a combination of 2 units
• Unit 5 basic 4 en 5 = Evolution
• Unit 6 basic 1, 2 and 3 = Ecology 
• Counts 3! times

Learning goal

You can describe the theory of evolution.

Concepts: Genetic variation, mutation, sexual reproduction, natural selection, adaptation, chance od survival,  fitness, species, 

New species arise

Animals of same species are  split up

The environment slowly changes.

Because of natural selection, other genes are 'good' in new environment

Species have become different species after many years of evolution, due to living apart

more examples

New species arise

• New species arise due to LONG periods of evolution in a species
• Many small changes together  become big changes

• Evolution takes very long! (thousands of years)

Summarizing

1. Due to mutation and sexual reproduction genetic variation is present. 

2. Not everyone can survive in specific environment this leads to natural selection.

3. The ones that survive the environment can reproduce and have a higher fitness. 

4. Over time due to this process different species can arise.

00:59

Explain in your own words what is natural selection?

01:30

What are the causes of genetic varation?

01:52

What is the biological meaning of fitness?

02:58

Can a frog change his appearance because he wants to?

1. Yes
2. No

04:17

You have learned the theory how can bacterial resistance (ongevoeligheid voor antibiotica) develop?

05:21

Again: how can bacterial resistance (ongevoeligheid voor antibiotica) develop?

Arguments for the evolution theory

Kinship (= verwantschap) of species

- Overlap in bone structure

- Fossils

- Rudimentary organs

- Geologicaly timescale

Overlap in the bone structure

Fossils

Rudimentary organs

Geological timescale 

Let's work

Unit 5.4 the theory of evolution

Question 1 to 9

Unit 5.5 The history of life on Earth

Read the text

Question 1, 2, 3, 6 to 10