This lesson contains 45 slides, with interactive quizzes and text slides.
Lesson duration is: 45 min
Items in this lesson
Review lesson
-LessonUp ready
Evolution and skeletons
First, Worksheet Snails
Slide 1 - Slide
Slide 2 - Slide
Lesson 2: Types of skeletons
Slide 3 - Slide
Words that you have to know
Vertebrates
Arthropods
Moulting
Metamorphosis
Slide 4 - Slide
Bones
What are bones made of?
Collagen: Flexibility
Calcium & Phosphorus: Hard
Bone = hard and solid
Cartilage = soft and rubbery
Slide 5 - Slide
Injuries
Simple fracture:
A clean break from 1 side to the other side
Greenstick fracture:
A break only from 1 side (not the whole bone is broken)
Compound fracture:
More than 1 break
Open fracture:
Broken bones comes through the skin
Slide 6 - Slide
Bones you need to know:
Skull
Upper jaw (Maxilla)
Lower jaw (Mandible)
Vertebrae
Clavicle (collarbone)
Scapula (shoulderblade)
Sternum
Ribs
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Hand bones
Pelvis
Sacrum
Coccyx
Femur
Patella (kneecap)
Tibia
Fibula
Foot bones
Slide 7 - Slide
Slide 8 - Slide
Slide 9 - Slide
Slide 10 - Slide
The scientific method
Start? Research question
Guess about the awnser of this question -> Hypothesis
Run experiments to test it!
Slide 11 - Slide
Comparing skeletons
Homologous structures:
Similar structures in different organisms
Slide 12 - Slide
1. Diet
-What kind of food do they eat?
-Omnivors (eat plants & meat)
-Herbivors (eat plants)
-Carnivors (eat meat)
-How do their teeth look like?
Slide 13 - Slide
Teeth
Canines (4 corner teeth)
Incisors (front teeth)
Molars (back teeth)
Slide 14 - Slide
Slide 15 - Slide
2. Movement
-Skeleton adapted for flying
-Light bones
-Fused bones
-How does it move around?
-Long legs for running (Cheetah)
-Only 1 toe for hard surfaces (Horse)
Slide 16 - Slide
3. Environment
Water animals:
-Body shape in water
-Streamlined body
- minimize resistance from water
-Short and wide limbs
Slide 17 - Slide
4. Time
-Skeletons change over time
-how bones are shaped can tell us something about the past
Vestigial organs:
Organs that an animal has but doesn't use
Slide 18 - Slide
Example: Tail bone
Example: Pelvis/Femur in whale
Vestigial organ with no function:
Slide 19 - Slide
Fossils
-Fossils can form because parts of organisms are slowly replaced by minerals during the decay process
-Fossils can form when parts of organisms have not been decayed
-Fossils can form by preserved traces of animals such as footprints
Slide 20 - Slide
Natural selection
Individuals that are best at surviving in their environment will produce more offspring and their DNA will therefore be more common in the next generation
Slide 21 - Slide
Natural selection in Steps
More individuals will be born that can survive 'struggle for existence'
Individuals with an advantage have a higher chance of surviving
The individuals that survive will have a higher chance to produce offspring so they will pass on their traits to their offspring
Slide 22 - Slide
Artificial selection
Not nature is selecting but humans
Humans select the individuals they like best and this is different because it might not be due to best survival
Slide 23 - Slide
HW for next time
-Finish the Goformatives
-Hand in a summary of the first 4 lessonUps on classroom
(mindmap, written text, digital)
Slide 24 - Slide
What is different between artificial selection and natural selection
A
Nothing, its basically the same
B
Natural selection has to do with survival, artificial selection not always
C
artificial selection is dependent on nature alone, natural selection is not.
D
Natural selection is done by humans, artificial selection not
Slide 25 - Quiz
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Theory of Evolution by natural selection?
A
competition for food and space
B
variation among species
C
inheritance of acquired characteristics
D
survival and reproduction
Slide 26 - Quiz
The dog breeds we have today were developed through: