2.5 + 2.6 Cities in The Netherlands

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Today

Today

2.5 The Netherlands: A country without a really big city

2.6 The Netherlands: City under construction

Next week

Practice test

Learning objectives 2.5

• You know where the most important cities and urban areas are in the Netherlands.
• You understand the connection between the city and its market area.
• You can explain the development from city to urban area.

#Learning objective: You know where the most important cities and urban areas are in the Netherlands.

The four major cities together form the Randstad. They have different functions.

• The Hague: administrative centre and royal city
• Rotterdam: mainport and industrial area
• Amsterdam: financial centre and business centre
• Utrecht: meeting centre and distribution centre

What are the causes of urbanisation after 1880?

<ul><li>emergence of industry in the cities &gt; work</li><li>mechanisation of agriculture &gt; less work in the countryside</li></ul><div><br></div>

High urbanisation rate

What are the causes of suburbanisation?

<div>People:</div><ul><li>looking for a better living environment</li><li>increase in properity and improved mobility</li></ul><div><br></div><div>Businesses:</div><ul><li>business parks outside the city more easily accessible</li><li>cheaper</li><li>more space</li></ul>

Which groups were leaving the city?

Middle and higher incomes with small children.<br>

Urban areas in the Netherlands

• Groningen-Assen
• Twentse stedenband
• Randstad
• Twincity Arnhem-Nijmegen
• Brabantse stedenrij
• Stedelijk Zuid-Limburg

The Randstad is an urban area that consists of four cities. The 'Groene Hart' is also part of the Randstad.

#Learning objective: You understand the connection between the city and its market area.

People who live outside the city depend on the city for:

• work
• shopping
• hospital visits
• going out

Market area / service area (voorzieningsgebied) = The area from which people come to use the facilities in the city.

#Learning objective: You understand the connection between the city and its market area.

Why is the market area of Leeuwarden larger than that of Haarlem?

Learning objectives 2.6

• You know with which measures you can make the city attractive again.
• You understand why large cities attract many people from the peripheral areas of the Netherlands.
• With help of maps you can describe the changes in Dutch cities.

1970 - 2000: suburbanisation

Since 2005: re-urbanisation

Which groups were leaving the city?

Middle and higher incomes with small children.<br>

Which groups are settling in the city?

<ul><li>students</li><li>immigrants: western and non-western</li><li>working young people</li></ul>

#Learning objective: You know with which measures you can make the city attractive again.

• renovation old neighborhoods (stadsvernieuwing)
  
• redevelopment of old neighbourhoods (herstructurering)
  
• new-build housing in free spaces
• Vinex neighborhoods next to the city

Picture: Gentrification took place (bakfietsbuurten)

Compact city

Compact city: Use the city space as efficiently as possible and save the open spaces outside the city.

New build	Redevelopment	Vinex location	Renovation
Space filling	Old neighbourhood	Edge of the city	Improvements
Housing capacity rises	Decrease in housing density	New-build	Rents rise
	New-build	Save open spaces	Housing density mostly decreases

#Learning objective: You know with which measures you can make the city attractive again.

What are the characteristics of many problem neighbourhoods?

• concentration of people with a non-western migration background
• many low-income households
• mostly rental housing, sometimes in poor condition
• strong segregation

In which ways can you turn problem neighborhoods into good neighborhoods?

• improve the housing
• refurbish streets, squares and parks
• playing areas
• better street lighting
• local shops / community centres

Check the learning objectives 2.5 + 2.6

• You know where the most important cities and urban areas are in the Netherlands.
• You understand the connection between the city and its market area.
• You can explain the development from city to urban area.
• You know with which measures you can make the city attractive again.
• You understand why large cities attract many people from the peripheral areas of the Netherlands.
  

Let's work!

2.5 (page 54 of the workbook): 2

2.6 (page 54 of the workbook): 2 + 5

Done? Start studying for the practice test next week.