This lesson contains 13 slides, with text slides and 1 video.
Lesson duration is: 45 min
Items in this lesson
2. The Time of World Wars
2.30 Liberation
Slide 1 - Slide
Important dates in this lesson:
1940: German invasion and start of the occupation (May)
1941: February Strike
Workers are forced to work in German factories (Feb)
1942: yellow Star of David to be worn by all Jews (May)
1944: liberation of southern Netherlands (Sept)
1945: liberation of northern Netherlands (Apr)
surrender of all German troops in the Netherlands (May 5th = liberation Day)
Slide 2 - Slide
Word Duty
NSB: Dutch national socialist political party
collaboration: working together with the enemy
transit camp: camp for the temporary accommodation of Jews until they were transported to extermination camps
extermination camp: camp specially designed by the Nazis for killing large numbers of Jews, and others considered to be inferior people
razzia: Nazi round-up to capture Jews
resistance: opposition to the occupying authority, e.g. sabotage actions, hiding Jews and Allied spies, spreading illegal newspapers
February Strike: a general strike in the Netherlands to protest against the persecution of Jews by the Nazis
Dutch Famine of 1944/45: famine that took place in the German-occupied part of the Netherlands; also known as Hongerwinter
Glossary
Slide 3 - Slide
Dolle Dinsdag
5 september 1944
The allied landings in France on 6 June 1944 (D-day) began an advance that liberated more and more of Western Europe. The liberation was followed on illigal radio's: "They're in the Netherlands!"
Slide 4 - Slide
German soldiers are fleeing the approaching Allies.
But the Allies do not come at all ...
The liberation festivities had broken out prematurely.
Slide 5 - Slide
Operation Market Garden
september 1944
Allied attempts to take control of a crossing of the Rhine at Arnhem, brought the Allied advance to a halt.
Battle of Arnhem fails ('Operation Brug te ver').
Slide 6 - Slide
Railwaystrike
September 1944 - May 1945
To help the Allied advance, Radio Oranje calls on the railway personnel to go on strike.For example, the Germans can no longer use the track for their war. It ultimately also causes food and fuel shortages ...
Slide 7 - Slide
Hongerwinter
The parts of the Netherlands still under Nazi rule had to live through the worst winter in living memory. The weather was appalling, crops failed and food and supply shortages were so bad people ate tulip bulbs.
Thousand of people died of stavation.
Slide 8 - Slide
Germany surrendered
4 May 1945
In Hotel De Wereld at Wageningen negotiations started on 5 May on the unconditional surrender of German troops in the Netherlands. The German troops had already surrendered on 4 May to the Allies.
Queen Wilhelmina returned on 13 March 1945.
Slide 9 - Slide
The Liberation
May 1945
The Allies liberated Amsterdam on 5 May 1945. Other Allies armies pushed on to Berlin where they met Soviet armies advancing from the east.
On 7 May 1945, Germany surrendered. 8 May is officially known as Victory in Europe (VE).
Slide 10 - Slide
After liberation, although forbidden, many people took revenge on collaborators.
There were so many problems to deal with at the same time, so the process of getting back to normal started chaotic.
Lesson duration is: 45 min
