Protein synthesis 2

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Today's lesson

1. Mini test - cell membranes and cytoskeleton

2. What is protein synthesis?

3. How does it work in the cell?

How can a substance be transported across a membrane passively (without ATP)

1. The substance moves from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
2. The substance moves from a lower concentration to a higher concentration
3. It uses a protein pump
4. It doesn't

If a substance is transport against a concentration gradient (low concentration to high) what 2 things are needed by the cell?

1. ATP and a hydrophilic membrane
2. ATP and a hydrophobic membrane
3. ATP and a transport protein
4. none of the above

Small polar molecules can pass easily through a cell membrane. Give 1 example of a small polar molecule.

1. glucose
2. amino acid
3. ions
4. water

What part of the cell membrane is hydrophobic?

1. The tails - they love water
2. The tails - they "hate water
3. The heads - they hate water
4. The heads - they love water

Protein synthesis

-Process by which proteins are made in the cell

-Various organelles are needed:

1. Nucleus - DNA carries code, changes it to RNA
2. RNA leaves cell to ribosome - protein made here
3. Protein goes to ER - folded into shape
4. Vesicle transports protein to Golgi (finished shape)
5. Completed protein transported out of the cell via secretion

Different kinds of proteins

Hormones

Receptors

Channels

Carriers

And many, many more

To function you need a specific 3D-structure or your polypeptide chain.

Proteins are very specific

specific function must mean specific structure

building blocks

amino acids

What is DNA?

- Carries "recipe" for all proteins

-Recipe carried on 4 bases

1. A - adenine
2. C - cytosine
3. G - guanine
4. T - Thymine

HW 

Q 14 in module