Unit 4: Support and locomotion B4

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

4.4 Muscles

Planning

•  See what you remember from last week 
• B4: muscles
• Make exercises

You have your notebook, pen and book on your table.

Learning goals

• You can explain how the muscles work.
  
• You can give examples of voluntary and involuntary muscle movements.
  

But first... lets see what you remember from last week!

Grab your laptop

and go to www.lessonup.com

Do you remember what the 4 functions of the skeleton are?

What do bones consist of?

1. collagen
2. cartilage
3. calcium phosphate and cartilage
4. calcium phosphate and collagen

Botten consist of calcium phosphate and collagen.

Why is it important bones have both of the substances?

in which figure do you see cartilage?

how can you see that? name 2 ways you
can see it

fig. 1

fig. 2

what doe the extracellular material of cartilage mainly consist of?

1. calcium phosphate
2. Collagen

joint

sutures

fused vertebrae

cartilage

The socket bone and ball-shaped bone both have
a cartilage layer.

Explain why the cartilage is right there.

The joint of the shoulder is the same as the joint in the hip.

Explain why elderly people often have more damage of the cartilage layer in their hip joint than in their shoulder joint.

what is the joint with the most movement possible?

1. ball-and-socket joint
2. hinge joint
3. pivot joint

4.4 Muscles

Muscular system

Grab your notebook and a pen. 

Title: Unit 4 basic 4 muscular system

Muscles let you stand up straight and move about. 

All the skeletal muscles in your body combined form the muscular system

Tendons

The muscle is attached to the bone by tendons (pezen). The point where the tendon is attached to the bone is called the attachment site (aanhechtingsplaats).

Muscles are able to contract, but tendons are not. 

Bones move because of the muscle contractions.

Antagonistic pair

To move a bone, you always need two muscles: a flexor muscle and an extensor muscle. These two muscles have opposite effects.

= antagonistic pair

organ muscle

In addition to the skeletal muscles, you also have muscles in your organs. These organ muscles move without you being aware of it.

For example:

-Heart

-muscles in your oesophagus, stomach, intestines

Voluntary and Involuntary

Learning goals

• You can explain how the muscles work.
  
• You can give examples of voluntary and involuntary muscle movements.
  

Homework

4.4 muscles

exercises: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6