1.1 The Renaissance

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

1.1 The Renaissance

1.1 The Renaissance

• a song: renaissance men challenge
• 1.1 explanation
• Time to work

Correct combinations=

1. explorers

2. conquerors

3. middle ages

4. ancient history

5. antiquity

6. merchants

7. the Byzantine empire

a. the era of greeks and Romans

b. Columbus

c. to win territory

d. period of classical history

e. to trade spices, silk and porcelain

f. dark ages

g. The Eastern Roman empire

Goals for this lesson

At the end of this lesson you can...

• Explain what the Renaissance period was.
• Understand how ancient art and knowledge became popular again ( the rebirth of antiquity).
• Explain that during the Renaissance, the worldview of Europeans changed and that they regained interest in art and science.

highly advanced

highly advanced

primitive

Kicked off the early moden period 

The rebirth of antiquity 

Leonardo da Vinci was the father of many inventions, like a parachute, a tank, a mechanical knight and musical instruments. 

But he was also a very skilled artist. His most famous paintings, the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper, still draw millions of art lovers to museums. Da Vinci lived in a period that is now called the Renaissance, which lasted from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century. 

Renaissance is a French word which means 'rebirth' in English. During this period it was people like da Vinci who started to rediscover the knowledge and art of classical antiquity. 

This 'rebirth' of the culture of the Greeks and Romans started in Italy, but eventually spread across Europe. 

How did this cultural shift take place and 

why did it start in Italy?

Powerful Italian city-states 

To find out why the Renaissance started in Italy we have to start in the late Middle Ages. Last year you learned that new cities started to develop all over Europe between the eleventh and fifteenth century. Italian cities like Florence, Genoa and Venice flourished and became rich and powerful city-states. Most of their wealth was gained through trade. Because of this, the merchants, bankers and other civilians became the ones with power and money. These rich inhabitants were not only interested in trade and war, but also in the remains of the Roman ancestors that lived in Italy during antiquity. They wanted to know more about them, and it just so happens this knowledge was about to arrive from the east.

Lorenzo de Medici, lord of Florence, belonged to the most powerful and wealthy Italian merchant family.

Knowledge from the east 

Thousands of soldiers poured into the streets of Constantinople in the year 1453. 

The armies of the Turkish sultan Mehmed II had broken through the gate, and by conquering the city they destroyed the last part of the Eastern Roman empire. 

Thousands of refugees fled from Constantinople to the Northern Italian city-states. Among them were scholars, architects, poets, astronomers, scientists and artists who brought their money, books and skills. Most knowledge of antiquity had been lost in Europe, but the people of Constantinople had been able to copy and preserve it. Now they brought the knowledge to the Italian city-states. The money of rich merchants and bankers, the remains of ancient buildings and the knowledge of the refugees fuelled the interest in antiquity.

• After the fall of Constantinople (1453) many scholars, architects, poets, astronomers, scientists and artist fled to Italy and caused the Renaissance.

Turkish troops in the streets of Constantinople. They renamed the city to: Istanbul

Time to work:

• read the first part of 1.1
• make exercises 1.1 (2,4,7,9,10,14)
• make a summary of 1.1

1.1 The Renaissance

• Dance macabre.......What is this musicpiece about
• 1.1 explanation part 2
• Time to work
• Log in on lesson up and see the sights

Goals for this lesson

At the end of this lesson you can...

• Explain what the Renaissance period was.
• Understand how ancient art and knowledge became popular again ( the rebirth of antiquity).
• Explain that during the Renaissance, the worldview of Europeans changed and that they regained interest in art and science.

Memento Mori (remember that you will die)

Carpe Diem (Seize the day)

Changing worldview

• In the Middle Ages people saw life as a test. Their motto was: Memento Mori (=remember you will die).
• During the Renaissance that changed.

Carpe Diem

• =Seize the day/ enjoy life and think for yourself.
• Humans became the centre of attention.
• Scholars like Erasmus started to study ancient texts they no longer focused on the fear of god

A changing worldview 

During the Middle Ages, people mainly saw life as a test. Their motto was memento mori ('remember that you will die'). They believed that God would decide if they would earn a place in heaven or not. Because of this they feared death, for if they did not live their life according to the words of the priests, they would be sent to hell. 

During the Renaissance, people in the Italian city-states developed new views on religion, humans, and the world. Scholars started to study ancient texts, which made them change their worldview. No longer did they focus on the mystical power of God or the fear of going to hell, but on the ability of humans to think for themselves. 

The people in the Italian city-states started to discuss and philosophise, becoming less influenced by the church. They also started to enjoy life: carpe diem ('seize the day') became their new motto. This meant that people should enjoy life by having elaborate parties, buying fancy clothing and hiring skilled artists and architects to make beautiful paintings, sculptures and buildings. 

Renaissance art 

This change in worldview also led to a change in art. During the early Middle Ages, painters and sculptors were seen as craftsmen and almost all art was commissioned by the church. Their arts had to represent a Christian theme, such as the crucifixion of Jesus or the last supper.

This changed during the Renaissance. The citizens ruled the Italian city-states and they fuelled the change in art. Painters, sculptors and architects were hired by bankers and merchants who wanted to enjoy life. They needed someone to decorate their homes or to make building plans for new palaces. Craftsmen increased their skills, which made their art look more realistic and it dazzled with colour and depth. They felt more connected to their work and started to be seen as artists. 

Another change that occurred during the Renaissance is that the subjects of artworks shifted from biblical themes to scenes from antiquity. Statues and paintings of Greek and Roman gods, philosophers and heroes became popular. The painting 'Primavera' is a good example of this. 

1.1 The Renaissance

• 1.1 explanation (final part)
• Recap of the paragraph
• Time to work

Think: compare both images. Write down two differences in style (the way it is painted) and one similarity (in theme)  

Pair: compare what you have written down. What does the artist of the bottom try to achieve? How might he have achieved this? Write this down.

Share: two pairs will be asked their explanation.

The interest in antiquity did not mean the end of Christian art. Some popes became the biggest buyers of Renaissance art. In Florence, a huge church was built with an amazing dome. The sculptor Michelangelo made a famous statue of David and painted the ceiling of the famous Sistine chapel.

Michelangelo's statue of David and his painting of the ceiling of the Sistine's Chapel.

www.museivaticani.va

Renaissance art

• Before artist work only for the church
• Now Artist could work for rich merchants
• Art becomes more realistic

The spread of Renaissance 

Around 1450, Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. 

Before this invention, all books had to be copied by hand, which was mostly done by monks in monasteries. By using the printing press, texts could be copied more easily, enabling knowledge to be spread faster. 

Because of this, the inhabitants of other European countries also came in contact with the Renaissance from Italy. These new ideals encouraged scholars throughout Europe to study the ancients. It even inspired merchants and adventurers to learn more about the world and to leave their homes in search of unknown lands.

       Gutenberg, 2,5 min. video

middle ages

both

Renaissance

The word Renaissance literally means

1. resolve
2. rebirth
3. reestablish
4. relive

1. Medieval art??
2. Renaissance art??

1. medieval art
2. renaissance art

1. Medieval art
2. Renaissance art

Een leenman splitste vaak zijn land weer in kleinere stukken land in leen aan lagere edelen.

1. Renaissance ??
2. Middle ages??

1. Medieval art
2. Renaissance art

make correct combinations...

Until 1453, Constantinople was the capital city of

1. the eastern Roman empire
2. The western Roman Empire
3. The Ottoman Empire
4. The Byzantine Empire

The term "classical antiquity" means:

1. the time of hunters and farmers
2. an online antique shop
3. the time between the Greeks & Romans and the Renaissance
4. the time of Greeks and Romans

The Renaissance started in:

1. Constantinople
2. Italy
3. France
4. the Holy Roman Empire

During the Renaissance people were inspired by

1. The Greeks and Romans
2. The Ottomans
3. artists like Leonardo da Vinci
4. rich Italian merchants

During the Renaissance we see a new technique being used in paintings. What technique?

1. hand painting
2. painting mosaics
3. Memento Mori
4. the use of perspective

Last question.....In the 15th century, Italy was a united country

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Make your own summary using the main questions:

1. What is the Renaissance?
   
2. Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?
   
3. Why did the fall of Constantinople fuel the Renaissance?
   
4. How did peoples' worldview change during the Renaissance?
   
5. How did art change during the Renaissance?
   
6. How did Renaissance ideas spread across Europe?
   

Time to work:

• read  1.1
• make exercises 1.1 (2,4,7,9,10,14)
• make a summary of 1.1
• study par 1.1
• start with par 2

Lessonup

- app downloaden

of online student.lessonup.io

- registreren (schoolmail + wachtwoord) OPSCHRIJVEN!

- aanmelden bij onze klas 

   code:     udnuf

In deze digitale klas kun je alle lessen terugvinden en nogmaals bekijken.