VWO 1 TTO - The nervous system

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• Leerjaar 1

VWO 1 TTO - The nervous system

The nervous system

VWO 1 TTO

02/06/2025

Before we start, let's discuss the homework

From stimulus to impulse

Sensory cells

Create an impulse 

Impulse goes through a nerve to the brain

Brain sends impulses to muscles or glands

What is a gland?

An organ that produces certain substances like

sweat glands or salivary glands

Structure of the nervous system

2 parts:

Central nervous system

- The brain

- The spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system

- The nerves

How does the nervous system work?

In this example: You see a football coming towards you and you decide to catch it.

1. The sensory cells in your eyes detect the ball (stimulus: light).

2. These sensory cells generate impulses that travel via the sensory nerves to the brain.

3. The brain processes the impulses and recognizes that a ball is coming your way.

4. You consciously decide to catch the ball.

5. The brain sends impulses through motor nerves to the arm and hand muscles.

6. The muscles contract and you catch the ball.

Write down in steps how we go from stimulus to movement. I gave you step 5 already!

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. Salivary glands respond to impulses by producing saliva.

6. 

Write down in steps how we go from stimulus to movement. I gave you step 5 already!

1. Sensory cells of the eye and nose create an impulse.

2. The impulse is sent to the brain by a nerve.

3. The brain processes the impulse. 

4. Girl becomes aware of the chocolates

5. Salivary glands respond to impulses by producing saliva.

6. The muscles in the arm respond to the impulse by bringing the chocolate to her mouth. 

Assignment

Work ONLY with your neighbor

Together work out the situation and write down how we go from stimulus to a reaction.

Nerve cells

The nervous system has MILLIONS of nerve cells.

Each nerve cel has a cell body and its protrusions (uitstulpingen) called axons or dendrites.

Cell body is in or near the central nervous system.

Dendrites take up the impulse.

Axons pass the impulses to other cells or nerve cells

What part of a nerve cell passes impulses to other cells or nerve cells?

1. Dendrites
2. Axons
3. Cell body
4. I don't know

What is the difference between a nerve cell and a nerve?

Paths taken by nerve impulses

Conscious reaction (voluntary response)

1. Impulses go from senses to your brain.

2. You become aware of the stimuli.

3. You decide how to react.

4. Impulses to go the muscles and you react.

Reflex (involuntary response)

- Impulses DO NOT go through the brain 

- Fast reaction to a certain stimulus

- Examples?

Paths taken by nerve impulses

Conscious reaction (voluntary response)

1. Impulses go from senses to your brain.

2. You become aware of the stimuli.

3. You decide how to react.

4. Impulses to go the muscles and you react.

Reflex (involuntary response)

- Impulses DO NOT go through the brain 

- Fast reaction to a certain stimulus

- Examples?

- Reflex arc

The spinal cord and the brain have interneurons.

Direct impulses in the central nervous system, from one nerve cell to another.

Interneurons in the spinal cord pass the impulse to nerve cells in the arm muscles.

Give 3 examples of a reflex

Give the path a reflex arc takes in steps.
You have to use interneurons in your answer

Homework

Read page 110-114

Make questions 1, 2, 3 and 7

Exit-ticket

1. Write down what you find the hardest about this chapter. 

2. Write down what you find the easiest about this chapter.

3. What do you need me to explain again?