2t Bricks 1 par. 5.8 and 5.9 Neurons

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Slide 1: Slide
BiologieMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 2

This lesson contains 48 slides, with interactive quizzes and text slides.

Items in this lesson

Slide 1 - Slide

The Nervous system
The nervous system controls your muscles 
-walk / write / exercise 
-swallowing / blinking / breathing

-Central nervous system  
-Peripheral nervous system


Slide 2 - Slide

The nervous system
The nervous system is made up of:
  • the central nervous system 
              --> Brain + spinal cord

  • the nerves.  
the nerves connect the central nervous system to all parts of the body.

Slide 3 - Slide

The central nervous system (CNS)

Slide 4 - Slide

The peripheral nervous system

This nervous system contains 
all of the nerves in your body.


Slide 5 - Slide

How does the nervous system work?
Notes:
Sensory cell receive stimulus from outside (for example chocolate)
Sensory cells                              = impulses                                                                                                                                          

nerves   

  brain    

 muscles

Slide 6 - Slide

The brain
Cerebrum: processes impulses  + memories

Cerebellum: coordinates your movements + maintains balance. 

Brain stem: connects brain to spinal cord + automatic functions.

Slide 7 - Slide

Slide 8 - Slide

Spinal cord
The nerves connect the central nervous system to all parts of the body.

Impulses are passed to the brain through nerves in the spinal cord. The spinal cord starts at the brain and ends in the lumbar vertebrae in the lower back. 
Spinal cord
Vertebra
Nerve

Slide 9 - Slide

Nerve cells / neurons 
  • Sense organs (receptors) send messages: electric impulses --> to the CNS via Sensory neurons
  • CNS send electric impulses --> to muscles and glands (effectors)  telling them wat to do via Motor neurons
  • Interneurons  are the connections between sensory and motorneurons.(in the spinal cord and the brain)

Slide 10 - Slide

Slide 11 - Slide

Electric impuls

Slide 12 - Slide

Slide 13 - Slide

The message is:
- is super fast 
- called impulses (electrical signals)
- goes via the axon of the nerve cell
- has fatty sheat: myelin sheath around axons make the impuls travel faster



Slide 14 - Slide

Slide 15 - Slide

Responding to a stimulus
1. Receptor
Sensory cells in sense organ
2. Sensory neuron
Gathers and sends impulses from the senses
3. Inter neuron
Communicates between the different parts of the CNS
4. Spinal cord / brain
5. Motor neuron
->
Sends impulses to effector cells 
6. Effector
Muscles, glands

Slide 16 - Slide

Slide 17 - Slide

Which parts belong to the central nervous system?

Slide 18 - Open question

You get an itch in your elbow. What is the stimulus in this reaction?
A
Receptors in your skin
B
The itch itself
C
muscles that move your arm to scratch
D
The brain that decides to scratch the elbow

Slide 19 - Quiz

You get an itch in your elbow. What is the response in this reaction?
A
Receptors in your skin
B
The itch itself
C
muscles that move your arm to scratch
D
The brain that decides to scratch the elbow

Slide 20 - Quiz

Which will send an impulse along sensory neurons?
A
Receptors in your skin
B
The spinal cord
C
The muscles in your arm
D
The brain

Slide 21 - Quiz

Which will receive an impulse by motor neurons?
A
Receptors in your skin
B
The spinal cord
C
The muscles in your arm
D
The brain

Slide 22 - Quiz

Sensory neurons carry information


A
away from the brain.
B
both to and from the brain.
C
towards the brain.
D
within the brain

Slide 23 - Quiz

True
False
Motor (efferent) neurons carry messages to the central nervous system.
The nucleus of a neuron is found outside the cell body (soma)

Slide 24 - Drag question

Motor Neuron
Inter neuron
Sensory neuron
Found in visual system, brain, and spinal cord, pass informatiion on
carry electrical impulses away from the brain and spinal cord
Take information from sense organs to the brain and spinal cord

Slide 25 - Drag question

Normal situation
In a soccer match a player kicks the ball to the goal.
The goal keeper sees the ball and he jumps and catches it.

Describe the pathway in the goal keeper's nervous system.

Slide 26 - Slide

Describe the pathway in the goal keeper's nervous system.

Slide 27 - Open question

First:
Light from the ball –> 
sensory receptors of the eye –>  
impulses by sensory neurones –> 
impulses by interneurons in spinal cord + brain stem –> 
brain (vision area).

Slide 28 - Slide

Now the keeper is aware of the ball
Now the keeper is aware of the ball 😜

Slide 29 - Slide

After that:
Brain (motor area) creates impulses -> 
impulses by interneurons in brain stem + spinal cord –> impulses by motor neurons –> 
muscles in legs and arms

Slide 30 - Slide

Now the keeper jumps and catches the ball!

Slide 31 - Slide

Dendrite
Cell body
Nucleus
Axon
Fatty sheath
Synapse

Slide 32 - Drag question

Nerves and neurons

Slide 33 - Slide

When you touch an hot object... you take away your hand very fast
It goes automatically, why?

Slide 34 - Open question

Reflex arcs
  • When you touch an hot object... you take away your hand very fast
    It goes automatically, why? 

  • Reflexes protect you 
  • Why do you think a reflex is unconscious? 



Slide 35 - Slide

Why do you think a reflex is unconscious?

Slide 36 - Open question

Reflex arcs
  •  Why do you think a reflex is unconscious? 

  • Impulses do not go to the brain immediately

  • They go to the spinal cord and back (short circuit) 

Slide 37 - Slide

Slide 38 - Slide

Invertrebal disc
Vertebra
Spinal cord
Nerves

Slide 39 - Drag question

Slide 40 - Slide

spinal cord - grey and white matter

Slide 41 - Slide

Reflex arcs
W
1. Stimulus= 
2. Receptor= 
3. Effector= 
4. Response= 

Slide 42 - Slide

1. stimulus is: ..... 2. receptor is: .....
3. effector is: ..... 4. effector is: .....

Slide 43 - Open question

Reflex arcs
1. Stimulus = hot flame     2. Receptor = heat sensor in the skin 
3. Effector = muscles in your arm 
4. Response = moving your hand away from the hot object

Slide 44 - Slide

How do reflexes work?
  • Reflexes are involuntary.
  • Don’t ‘think’ about them: it just happens
  • So fast they don’t go to the brain!
  • Controlled by the spinal cord.

Slide 45 - Slide

Refelex arc
warmth from the flame –> sensory receptors of the skin –> impulses by sensory neurones –> impulses by interneurons in spinal cord –> impulses by motor neurons -> muscles in the arm contract
Without knowing you raised your arm!

Slide 46 - Slide

Reflex arc: diagram

Slide 47 - Slide

Reflex or not???
Reflex
Reflex
concious
trained reflex

Slide 48 - Drag question