Chapter 3 Cognitive Development p. 53-62

• Human Growth and Development
• Basisschool
• Groep 1

Chapter 3

Piaget's 

Four Stage Theory

4 Stages of Development

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete Operational

Formal Operational

Four Stages Piaget Theory

Sensorimotor - intelligence During this period consist of the actions of the child on environment rather than in the child's mind. Piagetians call this motor schemes.

Remember a Scheme is a coordinated Pattern of thought or action that organizes an individual's interaction with the environment.

Preoperational Stage

Children at this stage have developed cognitive structures called schemes that allow them to represent objects or events by means of symbols: Language, mental images, , and gestures.

What do you think of when you hear Mental Image?

Deferred Imitation

Refers to children's ability to imitate behavior long after witnessing it. Ex. Your boys

Symbolic play- an empty box can be a castle a car etc. Imagination is vivid here.

The most powerful is the use is in Children's Language.

How would you describe the preoperational stage?

Concrete Operational Stage

Children can apply cognitive operations to problems involving concrete objects. (Like kids who can count with blocks. It is concrete, they can see and hold it in their hands. 

What does the Concrete Operational Stage make you think of ?.....

Formal Operational

A formal operational thinker can survey a problem formulate all potential hypothetical outcomes, and go about testing the possibilities.

Cont'

Although Piaget's theory is not completely consistent with our current understanding of cognitive development, it's influence on the study of children's thinking has been immense and many educators find the basic principles of Piagetian theory to be useful.

What are the ages for each of Piaget's stages of development?

Pages 63-71

Theorist

Juan Pascual Leone

Robbie Case

These theorist tried to revise Piagetian theory in light of research establishing that children's ability to manipulate information in short-term memory increases greatly for birth to about age 16.

Case 

According to Cases' perspective, multiple factors account for developmental increases in short term memory capacity.

-practicing a procedure makes it more automatic.

- shift their attention rapidly getting better at moving between sources of information and focusing attention on task relevant information and ignoring task irrelevant information.

Con't

-long term memory develops and is better organized, information chunks are larger.

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Reasoning

Preconventional morality: focus on self interest

Stage 1 Focus on obedience and avoiding punishment

Stage 2 Focus on obtaining and avoiding punishment

Conventional  morality: focus on maintaining social order.

Stage 3 Focus on being a good boy or a good girl.

Stage 4 Focus on law and order

Cont'

Postconventional morality: focus on shared standards and principles.

Stage 5 Focus on social contract

Stage 6 Focus on principle