States & Forms of Energy

States & Forms of Energy
Energy can be in 2 states and 6 forms.
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G7 ScienceSecondary EducationAge 12

This lesson contains 45 slides, with interactive quizzes, text slides and 1 video.

Items in this lesson

States & Forms of Energy
Energy can be in 2 states and 6 forms.

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The States of Energy
  1. Kinetic energy (KE): every moving object requires energy to set it in motion (which comes from a force). This energy of motion is called kinetic energy.
  2. Potential energy (PE): an object may have stored energy due to its position or its condition.

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Gravitational Potential Energy
Gravitational potential energy (GPE) is stored in an object due to its physical position and the force of gravity acting upon it.

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Energy Transformation
  • Potential energy can be transformed into kinetic energy and back again.
  • Think of a roller coaster or a ski-jumper.

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KE and Work
  • Whenever an object is moving, it has the ability to do work.
  • E.g. a swinging baseball bat hits a ball and the ball moves in the direction of the force applied to it.
  • Because every moving object has the ability to do work, every moving object has kinetic energy.

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PE and Work
  • An object does not need to be moving to have the ability to do work.
  • Think of a stretched elastic band which has the ability to do work when released (the EPE is change to KE).
  • An object has PE because of its position, condition or chemical composition.

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__________ is the ability to cause change.
What is the missing word?
A
Force
B
Motion
C
Friction
D
Energy

Slide 12 - Quiz

The faster an object moves, the ______ kinetic energy it has.
A
more
B
less
C
same
D
none of these

Slide 13 - Quiz

Energy due to motion is ________ energy.
What is the missing word?
A
potential
B
energy
C
kinetic
D
friction

Slide 14 - Quiz

__________ is stored energy.
What is the missing word?
A
kinetic
B
potential
C
all of these
D
none of these

Slide 15 - Quiz

Gravitational potential energy depends on the ________ and ________ of the object.
A
height and mass
B
friction and movement
C
mass and movement
D
height and friction

Slide 16 - Quiz

How much potential energy is at the top of a hill on a roller coaster ride?
A
0%
B
20%
C
50%
D
100%

Slide 17 - Quiz

When you stretch a rubber band, you are storing __________ energy.
A
kinetic
B
potential
C
none of these
D
all of these

Slide 18 - Quiz

The Forms of Energy
What are the various forms of energy around us?

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Chemical Energy
  • Chemical energy is the (potential) energy stored in the chemical bonds of substances.
  • Examples: fuels (coal, gas, sugar), batteries, matches, etc.

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Electrical Energy
  • Electrical energy is the (kinetic) energy of moving electric charges called electrons.

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Radiant Energy
  • Radiant energy is the energy transferred by electromagnetic radiation.
  • Examples: light, x-rays, gamma rays, thermal radiation (heat), etc.

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Nuclear Energy
  • Nuclear energy is the (potential) energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.
  • When the nuclei of atoms are split (fission) or fused together (fusion), nuclear energy is released. 

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Thermal Energy
  • Thermal energy is the total (kinetic) energy of all the particles that make up an object.
  • Particles move faster at higher temperatures.
  • Higher temperatures increases thermal energy.

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Mechanical Energy
  • Mechanical energy is the energy of an object due to its movement (kinetic energy) and/or position (potential energy).
  • Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
  • Potential energy is the energy of position or condition.
  • We will look at kinetic and potential energy later.

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Sound Energy
  • Sound energy is the result of when a force makes an object vibrate e.g. plucking a guitar string.
  • Sound travels as waves through matter e.g. air.
  • Sound energy is a form of mechanical energy.

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Elastic Energy
  • Elastic energy is the mechanical (potential) energy stored in a material due to its condition.
  • Examples: stretching (an elastic band) or compression (of a spring).

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Slide 36 - Slide

This energy is related to the potential energy stored in the bonds between atoms.
A
sound
B
electrical
C
chemical
D
nuclear

Slide 37 - Quiz

This energy is related to the motion of atoms or molecules in a substance.
A
chemical
B
thermal
C
nuclear
D
sound

Slide 38 - Quiz

This energy is related to the vibrations of atoms or molecules.
A
sound
B
chemical
C
electrical
D
radiant

Slide 39 - Quiz

This energy is related to the condition of a material such as stretching or compressing it.
A
electrical
B
chemical
C
sound
D
elastic

Slide 40 - Quiz

This energy is related to the energy stored in the nuclei of atoms that can be related by either fission or fusion.
A
chemical
B
electrical
C
nuclear
D
mechanical

Slide 41 - Quiz

This energy is related to the movement of electrons down a wire to create light in a lamp.
A
nuclear
B
electrical
C
chemical
D
sound

Slide 42 - Quiz

This energy is related to the electromagnetic radiation produced by the Sun.
A
radiant
B
nuclear
C
mechanical
D
thermal

Slide 43 - Quiz

This energy is related to the relative position and movement of an object.
A
thermal
B
mechanical
C
electrical
D
sound

Slide 44 - Quiz

Slide 45 - Video