CH 2: IDEOLOGIES Interbellum

 Communism
From 1917 until 1990 the Soviet Union was a communist state.

it was a totalitarian state, ruled by a dictator.

Today, China, North Korea and Cuba are still communist states
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HistoryMiddelbare schoolhavo, vwoLeerjaar 3

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time-iconLesson duration is: 15 min

Items in this lesson

 Communism
From 1917 until 1990 the Soviet Union was a communist state.

it was a totalitarian state, ruled by a dictator.

Today, China, North Korea and Cuba are still communist states

Slide 1 - Slide

The symbol of 
Communism
hammer and sickle

both are tools that represent the two most important groups of people in the country: 
farmers and industrial workers


The color associated with communism is RED

Slide 2 - Slide

Characteristics of communism


  • a communist state is a totalitarian state: the government controls every aspects of peoples' lives.

Most characteristics are economical in nature:

  • Planned economy:
    The state decides what is produced, how much and against what prices.

  • No private companies. All companies are owned by the state. Workers get fixed wages. Nobody makes a profit.

Slide 3 - Slide

Characteristics of Communism (2)

  • communism is internationally orientated: "workers of all 
countries: unite!"

  • Communism is based on equality between people


Slide 4 - Slide

Communism Light?
In Russia, the communists seized power by means of a revolution in 1917.
In the rest of Europe, many people shared some ideas of the communists, but rather a less extreme and 
more democratic version.
These people we call socialists or 
social-democrats

PvdA and SP are two modern social democratic parties. They are left-wing, but not extremist 

Slide 5 - Slide

Fascism
  • In 1922, Mussolini became the dictator of Italy.

  • His set of ideas (ideology) is known as fascism.

  • Today the term "fascist" is commonly used to for people who are racist and anti-democratic

Slide 6 - Slide

The symbol of Fascism
Fascism is named after the fasces, which is an old Roman name for a group of sticks tied together. It is easy to break one stick in half. It is very hard to break many sticks tied together in half. Fascists think that everyone rigidly following the same leader and nationalist ideas makes the country strong the same way as the sticks.

the color black is associated with fascism

Slide 7 - Slide

Characteristics of Fascism (1)
  • Fascism is against everything: especially things that are strange and other cultures

  • Fascism is anti-democratic: the people do not need a voice in government

  • There is one leader. He decides what is good for the nation and the people

Slide 8 - Slide

Characteristics of Fascism (2)
  • Fascism is nationalistic: its own state is above all

  • Fascism is based on inequality between people: the highly-developed must lead the low-developed. (The right of the strongest: Social Darwinism)
  • That is why fascism is anti-communist (which is based on equality)


Slide 9 - Slide

Characteristics of Fascism (3)
  • Do not think, just do! Feeling is more important than thinking.

  • Violence is good: not words but deeds

  • The woman is subordinate: her job is to have children.

Slide 10 - Slide

 National-Socialism
National Socialism refers to German fascism in the period 1933-1945

Also called: Nazism

The supporters are called Nazis

The Dutch party "NSB" was also national-socialist

Slide 11 - Slide

The symbol of 
National-Socialism
The Nazis developed powerful symbols for their party to make members feel united. They created their own salute and a red and white flag, with a swastika representing victory, on it. Hitler even thought about his moustache and haircut, so he was easily recognisable for voters.

the color brown is associated with nazism

Slide 12 - Slide

Characteristics of National-Socialism


National-Socialism is very similar to Fascism, but has some additional characteristics:

  • The German race must be kept pure.
  • Race doctrine and anti-Semitism
  • The German people need Lebensraum (= living space).
  • Heim ins Reich: all Germans have to live in one big German empire

Slide 13 - Slide

Slide 14 - Link

DEMOCRATES
COMMUNISTS
FASCISTS / NAZIS
POLITICAL CENTER
LEFT EXTREMISTS
RIGHT EXTREMISTS

Slide 15 - Slide