Conjunctions/CT2/U9

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Conjunctions

What is a clause?

A clause is a group of words that contains a verb (and usually   other components too). A clause may form part of a sentence

or it may be a complete sentence in itself. 

Example

I graduated last year. (One clause sentence)

When I came here, I saw him. (Two clause sentence)

When I came here, I saw him, and he greeted me. (Three clause sentence)

Why are conjunctions important?

Conjunctions are the glue that holds sentences together.

Conjunctions show the relation between different words to express much greater meaning.

Sentences without conjunctions

Same sentences with conjuctions

Conjunctions

• We use them for different reasons like:
  
• (logical) consequence
• Choice
• Addition 
• Reasoning/cause
• Contrast
• Time
• Condition

Consequence

• So = I was tired so I went to bed

Choice

• Or = Do you want this one or that one? 

Addition

• And = It's snowing and it's dark (so I'm not going to drive)

Condition

• If = I will pass my exam, if I study hard

Conjunctions

Time

• Until = I stayed at home until my friend picked me up.
• Before = Brush your teeth before you go to bed.
• After = You can't play loud music after 10 P.M.
• When = She was in a horrible car accident when she was young.
• While = No one left the cinema while the credits were rolling.

Reasoning/cause

• As = As no one has done their homework, everyone gets a note.
• Because = My brother was really mad because I stole the remote.
• Because of = I was home late because of some idiot.
• Since = They couldn’t deliver the parcel since no one was there to answer the door.
• So that = We practice so that you are well prepared for the test

Conjunctions

Contrast

• (al)Though = Harry is a great friend though we don't see each other often.
• But = The meal was good but expensive.
• Despite = They arrived late despite leaving in plenty of time.

• However = Our school only has Chomebooks. However, some students are more familiar with Apple or Microsoft.
• Yet =He looks cheerful yet somehow sad at the same time.

_____________ the alarm goes off, I hit the snooze button.

1. Because
2. As soon as
3. Before
4. Now that

________ the basement flooded, we spent all day cleaning up.

1. After
2. Although
3. Before
4. Even if

I don’t want to go to the movies ­­­_____________ I hate the smell of popcorn.

1. Although
2. Because
3. Whenever
4. So that

___________ spring arrives, we have to be prepared for more snow.

1. Although
2. Because
3. Now that
4. Until

I like sugar in my tea, _________ I don't like milk in it.

1. and
2. but
3. or
4. so

They climbed the mountain __________ it was very windy.

1. although
2. nor
3. or
4. so

_____________ Lenny was watching the planes his wife was reading in the car.

1. And
2. But
3. So
4. While

I'll text you _________ I have arrived in Toronto.

1. after
2. or
3. so
4. then