CH3 sec. 3.4 Napoleon

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 2

Memo h/v 2 TTO

CH3 The age of wigs and revolutions

The French Revolution

sec. 3.4 Napoleon

Learning objectives

• I can write down three important features of Napoleon’s government.
• I can describe how Napoleon conquered a European empire and then lost it again.
• I can explain three effects Napoleon’s rule had for the Netherlands.

French Revolution 1789-1799

Fearful kings

French revolution brought about major changes in France.

Other kings in Europe were worried because of this.

• Afraid their subjects also demanded freedom and equality.
  
• In almost all countries the clergy and nobility had privileges.

Fearful kings

The French feared that other countries would invade France to end the revolution.

1792 France went to war with Austria and Prussia.

Later on there were wars with England, Spain, Portugal and the Republic.

Fearful kings

People dissatisfied:

- The wars caused unrest in France. 

• Food prices rose
  
• Taxes were raised
  

- Political conflict: some people wanted a king, others wanted more political influence for citizens.

Army became increasingly more important to keep order.

Napoleon

1799 Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in a coup.

He was a succesful general that had achieved great victories, which made him very popular.

Coup d'etat (staatsgreep) = Sudden takeover of power, with the help of the military.

Napoleon

Napoleon  turned France into a dictatorship. He became a dictator.

• Napoleon held all power.
• Citizens had no say in government.
• Napoleon made laws, had them carried out and appointed judges.
• He took decisions about war and peace.

Remained popular because of his victories and because he restored order.

In 1804 he had himself crowned Emperor of France (= monarchy).

Napoleon

Maintained important ideas of the French Revolution:

• All citizens were equal, no estate-based society.
• One lawbook (Code Napoléon) for the whole of France. For the first time everywhere the same  laws applied to all citizens.

Napoleon

Registry office (burgerlijke stand) = List in which the government records when citizens get born, married or have died.

Advantages for the administration:

• Napoleon knew exactly how many people lived in France.
  
• Who had to pay taxes.
  
• Who were old enough to serve in the military (conscription).

Napoleon

• Napoleon continued to fight wars, because he wanted to expand the power of France and spread the ideas of the French Revolution.

• Napoleon managed to conquer almost all of Europe (except for Britain). 
• Forbade trade with Britain (Continental System).

• Wherever Napoleon took over government, he introduced law books, registry office and conscription (dienstplicht).
  

Napoleon

1812 Napoleon's unsuccessful campaign to Russia.

1813 Battle of Leipzig. Napoleon defeated.

1814-15 Congress of Vienna

1815 Battle of Waterloo. Final defeat of Napoleon.

Why did the French go to war with other countries in 1792?

1. They were afraid people would demand freedom and equality.
2. They feared that other countries would invade France to end the revolution.
3. They wanted to give back the clergy and nobility their privileges.

Some of Napoleon’s measures fit in with the ideas of the Enlightenment. Which of Napoleon’s measures are two examples of that?

1. Conquering areas of Europe
2. Maintaining order in France
3. Fundamental rights
4. The lawbook that applied to all citizens.

What changed in the government of France after Napoleon took over?

1. Citizens no longer had a say in government
2. Citizens no longer had freedom of expression
3. Citizens received the right to vote

The Netherlands 1588-1815

Different Dutch states:

1588-1795 Republic of the Seven United Netherlands

1795-1801 Batavian Republic

1801-1806 Batavian Commonwealth

1806-1810 Kingdom of Holland

1810-1813 Part of French Empire

1815 United Kingdom of the Netherlands

Napoleon in the Netherlands

1801-1806 Batavian Commonwealth

After Napoleon came to power in France, he intervened more and more in the Netherlands.

1806-1810 Kingdom of Holland

Napoleon makes his brother Louis Napoleon king of the Netherlands. When Napoleon is displeased with the rule of Louis Napoleon, he dismisses him. 

The Batavian Republic

1810-1813 Part of France

Napoleon turned the Netherlands into a French province.

Changes:

• High taxes to pay for wars
  
• Trade with Britain declined
  
• Conscription introduced
  
• Lawbook introduced
  
• Registry of citizens introduced 
• New measures and weights.

United Kingdom of the Netherlands

In 1813 after the defeat of Napoleon the Dutch rebelled with the help of the Russians and the British.   

1814-15 Congress of Vienna. Kings are (re)installed in France and other countries. 

1815 United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

New administration in the Netherlands as well. The last stadholder's son becomes King William I.

Put the following Dutch states in the correct time sequence.

1. Batavian Republic, Republic of the 7 United Netherlands, Kingdom of Holland, Part of France
2. Batavian Republic, Republic of the 7 United Netherlands, Part of France, Kingdom Holland
3. Republic of the 7 United Netherlands, Batavian Republic, Part of France, Kingdom of Holland
4. Republic of the 7 United Netherlands, Batavian Republic, Kingdom of Holland, Part of France

What doesn't match the period 1795-1806

1. Batavian Commonwealth
2. Batavian Revolution
3. Constitution
4. Louis Napoleon

Who ruled the Netherlands in 1809?

1. Louis Napoleon
2. Napoleon Bonaparte
3. Willem I
4. Willem V

What changes did Napoleon make when the Netherlands was a province of France?

1. Register office, conscription, constitution, lawbook
2. Register office, conscription, constitution, lower taxes
3. Register office, conscription, new measures and weights, lower taxes
4. Register office, conscription, new measures and weights, lawbook

Who ruled the Netherlands in 1815?

1. Louis Napoleon
2. Napoleon Bonaparte
3. William I
4. William V

Learning objectives

• I can write down three important features of Napoleon’s government.
• I can describe how Napoleon conquered a European empire and then lost it again.
• I can explain three effects Napoleon’s rule had for the Netherlands.

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.