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§2.1 Molecules and Atoms (theory)
§2.1 Macro and micro level
Chapter 2: Building blocks of substances
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Scheikunde
Middelbare school
havo, vwo
Leerjaar 3
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§2.1 Macro and micro level
Chapter 2: Building blocks of substances
Slide 1 - Slide
Learning Objectives 2.1.
What the macro level and the micro level is
That most substances consist of molecules
What the different phases look like on a micro level
Difference at the micro level between pure substances and mixtures
Why models are needed in chemistry
Slide 2 - Slide
Perspective on learning objectives by
knowing that molecules are made up of atoms.
explaining the difference between elements and compounds.
representing molecules using molecular formulae.
giving the systematic names of molecules.
describing the difference at the micro level between a separation method, a phase transition and a chemical reaction.
Slide 3 - Slide
Remember the particle model?
Slide 4 - Slide
Chemical Reactions...
Molecules are broken down and new molecules are formed.
A reaction can be written down as an equation or process:
molecules go in (reactants), different molecules come out (products).
Slide 5 - Slide
the
alphabet
of
chemistry
Slide 6 - Slide
Het alfabet and the PT:
Alphabet
PT
Letter
Atom/Element
Word
Molecule
Sentence
Substance
Story
Materials
Atoms in a molecule are connected by atomic bonds (bonds between atoms)
Slide 7 - Slide
Elements in the periodic table
We know about 118 different kinds of atoms, aka 118 elements
Every element has its own name and
symbol
Practise the names and symbols in table 1!
Slide 8 - Slide
d
Elements
Based on one kind of atom or molecules with one kind of atom (pure)
ggg
g
Compounds
Molecules containing more than one kind of atom.
Slide 9 - Slide
Molecules can be drawn
but they can also be given a molecular formula.
Slide 10 - Slide
Naming compounds - Nomenclature, systematic
First element of compound keeps its own name
Second element gets -ide at the end
Greek numbering words are used to indicate how many of each element is in the formula
N
2
O = dinitrogen oxide CCl
4
= carbon tetrachloride
Slide 11 - Slide
Greek:
number
mono-
1
di-
2
tri-
3
tetra-
4
penta-
5
hexa
6
hepta-
7
octa-
8
Name
: index comes first
Formula
: symbol comes first, followed by index
Never
start
a name with mono
Slide 12 - Slide
Practise:
Give the name:
1. N
2
O
5
2. P
2
I
4
3. S
2
Cl
2
Give the formula:
1. phosphorous trichloride
2. dinitrogen monoxide
3. diphosphorous pentaoxide
Slide 13 - Slide
Slide 14 - Slide
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