CH3 sec. 3.2. The social issue

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CH3 The age of citizens and steam engines

The industrial revolution

3.2. The social issue

Industrial Revolution

1750-1850

A major turning point in world history

Learning objectives

Learning objectives 3.2

1) I can describe the working and living conditions of workers.

2) I can describe the living conditions of the wealthy citizens.

3) I can explain how workers tried to improve their situation.

4) I can explain how wealthy citizens tried to improve the situation of the workers.

5) I can explain what socialism is.

6) I can explain how socialists tried to improve the situation of the workers.

7) I can explain which two developments brought about social laws at the end of the 19th century.

You know the terms and dates of this section.

Work in the first factories

Working conditions:

• Low wages
• Long working days (only Sunday off)
• Women and children worked as well (even less pay)
  
• Work in the factory was dangerous and unhealthy.
  
• When a worker was sick, he wouldn't get paid.
  
• Protesting or demonstrating made little difference. You'd get fired.

1750

Living near the factories

Living conditions:

• Air pollution because the houses were near the factories.
  
• Poor quality small houses.
  
• Filthy streets, no sewers, no clean drinking water and poor hygiene.
  
• Cholera and other contagious diseases
  
• Because of the hard work, the bad food
  

       and the unhealthy living conditions
       workers did not grow old.

• Children did not go to school

Two worlds

Three social classes: upper class/ wealthy citizens/ bourgeoisie, middle class and factory workers.

Living conditions wealthy citizens (factory owners, bankers and lawyers):

• Lived in sub-urbs, in spacious house with gardens. Clean streets and better hygiene.
  
• Good schools and nice parks. 
  

What doesn't match the working conditions of the workers?

1. Low wages
2. Long working days
3. Filthy streets, no sewers and no clean drinking water.
4. Protesting or demonstrating made little difference. You'd get fired.

What doesn't match the living conditions of the workers?

1. Workers did not grow old.
2. Cholera and other contagious diseases
3. Air pollution because the houses were near the factories.
4. Work in the factory was dangerous and unhealthy.

Which groups did the industrial society consist of?

1. Wealthy citizens, farmers, workers
2. Wealthy citizens, middle class, workers
3. Wealthy citizens, middle class, slaves
4. Middle class, farmers, slaves

The social issue

Social issue = The bad living and working conditions of the workers.

The liberal government didn't help or made new laws to improve the situation of the workers.

The poor were helped by their families, the Church or citizens (charity = liefdadigheid).

The social issue

Workers tried to improve their situation

• They started to unite in trade unions:

organisations of labourers who join together to improve work conditions. 

• Trade unions fought for higher wages,   

shorter working days and a ban on child  labor.

• They used strikes and demonstrations  to

force the factory owner to improve the

situation.

Socialism

Some citizens thought the inequality in the class society was wrong.

A small group of factory owners was very wealthy and owned capital (natural resources, money, machines, factories). They made a lot of profits while workers only received a very low wage.

Trade unions couldn't solve the social issue alone.

Socialism against capitalism

Lower classes had no say in government. 

Around 1850 > rise of socialism

Socialism = Political movement fighting for equality between rich

and poor in society.

Founder is Karl Marx. Wrote 'Das Kapital' and the 'Communist 

Manifesto' (with Friedrich Engels)

Two forms of socialism:

• communism
• social democracy 
  

RECAP QUIZ

What? Write down the answers to questions in notebook.

Who? Alone. Can't ask questions.

Why? To see if you've understood the subject matter.

How? In quiet.

Done? Wait and keep quiet.

1) How do we call the problem of the bad living and working conditions of the workers in the 19th century?

2) Who would help you if you were a poor worker in the 19th century?

3) How do call the organisations of labourers who joined together to improve working conditions?

4) What could workers do to try to change their situation?

5) How do we call the political movement that would fight for equality between rich

and poor?

6) Name two forms of socialism.

RECAP QUIZ

1. How do we call the problem of the bad living and working conditions of the workers in the 19th century?
2. Who would help you if you were a poor worker in the 19th century?
3. How do call the organisations of labourers who joined together to improve working conditions?
4. What could workers do to try to change their situation?
5. How do we call the political movement that would fight for equality between rich and poor?
6. Name two forms of socialism.
   

Socialism against capitalism

Communism

• Class struggle between rich and poor. 
• Workers will seize power in violent revolution.  
• Inequality abolished. Classless society.
• Means of production like money, land and factories will be owned

by the state.

• State takes care of a fair distribution of goods  among the people.

Communism = Movement in socialism which aims to give labourers control through a revolution, thus creating a classless society.

Socialism against capitalism

Social democracy 

• Moderate movement
• No class struggle or revolution
• Improve living and working conditions of workers
• Drafting social laws in parliament 
  

Social democracy = Moderate movement within socialism, which 

aims to improve the labourers' working and living conditions

through parliament rather than revolution.

The first social laws

• 1881 First socialist political party founded (SDB). 
• Social democrats wanted expansion of universal 

suffrage  (= algemeen kiesrecht)  for men. More 
political influence for workers.

• In 1894 Sociaaldemocratische Arbeiderspartij (SDAP)  

founded (leader Troelstra). 

• Suffrage was gradually expanded. 
• In 1917 universal suffrage for men.

The first social laws

After 1870 Liberals and socialist worked together to improve the situation of workers.

Two reasons:

• The terrible situation of the workers
• The strikes and demonstrations. Liberals didn't want more unrest.

Example of social laws:

1874 Children's Act (Kinderwet van Van Houten)

Around 1900 the living and working conditions of workers hadden gradually improved.

Who would help you if you were a poor worker in the 19th century?

1. government, Church and rich citizens
2. government, Church and family
3. government, rich citizens and family
4. family, Church and rich citizens

How did workers try to improve their situation?

1. They started a revolution.
2. They demonstrated and organised strikes.
3. They set up political parties.

What's not a way in which socialists tried to solve the social issue?

1. They set up political parties.
2. They fought for limited suffrage.
3. They made social laws together with the liberals.
4. They fought for universal suffrage.

Learning objectives

Learning objectives 3.2.1

1) I can describe the working and living conditions of workers.

2) I can describe the living conditions of the wealthy citizens.

3) I can explain how workers tried to improve their situation.

4) I can explain how wealthy citizens tried to improve the situation of the workers.

5) I can explain what socialism is.

6) I can explain how socialists tried to improve the situation of the workers.

7) I can explain which two developments brought about social laws at the end of the 19th century.

You know the terms and dates of this section.

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.