Planning
1. Division of Germany, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan
2. Berlin, Hungary, Prague
3. Korean War, Communist China
4. Vietnam War
Tip: take notes!
Planning
1. Division of Germany, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan
2. Berlin, Hungary, Prague
3. Korean War, Communist China
4. Vietnam War
Tip: take notes!
Topic 1
Division of Germany, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan
Division of Germany
World War II ends
Germany is occupied by the Allies
— what now?
Yalta Conference
Potsdam Conference
Tensions increase
Truman doctrine and the policy of containment
Components of the policy of containment
= the policy aimed at preventing the spread of communism worldwide:
1. Truman Doctrine (1947):
(Doctrine = policy/principle) Any country that feels threatened by communism can count on support from the United States.
2. Marshallplan
1947 Marshall Plan
Economic aid for Western Europe to stimulate the economy again.
The Western zones in Germany also received Marshall aid.
The Soviet zone did not receive aid because Stalin did not allow it.
MAIN GOAL: to keep Western Europe capitalist.
The “Iron Curtain”
The Berlin blockade 1948
1. What does the cartoonist want to make clear with the source?
2. Which side does the cartoonist support? Explain this using two elements from the source.
FRG - GDR
In May 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) was established. West German politicians emphasized that it was a temporary state. But in October, the communists in the east followed with their own state: the German Democratic Republic (GDR).
Characteristics of the GDR (East Germany):
* Soviet Union
* Communist
* Warsaw Pact
* Simple/basic housing
* Stasi (state security service)
* KGB (Soviet intelligence service)
Characteristics of the FRG
(West Germany):
* Allies (Western Allied powers)
* Capitalist
* NATO
* Expensive cars
* Advertising
Work on your PA
Extra week!
Deadline is next week on Friday
Topic 2
Berlin 1953, Hongary 1956 en Prague 1968
Berlin 1953
In 1953 there was a popular uprising in the GDR. It was a strike by East Berlin construction workers that escalated into a protest against the East German regime.
The Hungarian Uprising
1956
Protest against the strict communist policies of the Hungarian government.
The Hungarian Uprising (1956) was brutally suppressed by the Soviet Union.
The Hungarian uprising caused a lot of unrest and unnecessary casualties.
.
Prague Spring
1968 Prague Spring
Czechoslovakia wants a “socialism with a human face” (less strict communism). More freedom and democracy.
The Soviet Union opposes these reforms and sends troops to stop the Prague Spring.
The Prague Spring is ended by force.
Topic 4
Communist China and the Korean War 1950–1953
Communism in Asia
In 1949 China became communist led by Mao Zedong, which was a major setback for the United States.
Shortly afterwards, communist North Korea invaded South Korea, which led to the Korean War.
The Korean war (1950-1953)
Why did the Korean War start?
After WWII, Korea was divided into a northern communist part (Soviet Union sphere of influence) and a southern capitalist part (United States sphere of influence).
The border became the 38th parallel.
This division was supposed to be temporary...
Aftermath of the Korean War
There is still no peace treaty between the two Koreas.
North Korea is a communist dictatorship and South Korea is a capitalist democracy.
From time to time, hostilities flare up again, but this has not led to a new war.
Between 367,000 and 750,000 deaths on the North Korean side and between 686,000 and 789,000 wounded.
78,426 deaths on the South Korean side and 566,324 wounded, as well as 32,295 missing.
Topic 5
Vietnam 1945-1973
Vietnam War
Domino theory
“Red Scare”
Television war
Much criticism
Vietnam War
Vietnam was a colony of France: French Indochina.
It was conquered by Japan during World War II.
Nationalism emerged among the population.
Characteristics of the Vietnam War
* The United States was directly involved with large numbers of troops and heavy military equipment.
* Heavy bombing campaigns.
* Fierce Viet Cong fighters who used the conditions of the jungle and fought a guerrilla war. Note: Viet Cong fighters were communist, but mainly fought for independence.
* Images of the war were broadcast on television and caused outrage in Europe and the United States.
* Many deaths, including many US soldiers. Many US citizens wanted the US to withdraw from the war → protest generation (characteristic feature).
“Napalm is gasoline to which a thickening agent made from a mixture of naphthenate and palmitate has been added, so that it sticks better when the splashes hit something. In this way, the underlying surface catches fire more easily. At the same time, it reduces the gasoline’s tendency to ignite and makes the combustion slower.”
What does the cartoonist want to make clear with the source?
Which side does the cartoonist support? Use two elements
Koude Oorlog incidenten
Berlijnse Blokkade (1948/49)
Korea Oorlog (1950-1953)
Opstand in Berlijn (1953)
Hongaarse Opstand (1956)
Bouw Berlijnse Muur (1961)
Cuba-crisis (1962)
Vietnam Oorlog (1965-1975)
Praagse Lente (1968)
Practice
In pairs or groups of three, find 3 political cartoons about the Cold War and use the step-by-step plan to determine the meaning of the source.
Write out each step of the step-by-step plan.
One person per group emails me the document with the 3 cartoons.
Make sure you choose 3 cartoons about 3 different topics.