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BS 3 - genes and alleles

Planning 
Recapitulation 5.2 (3, 5, 7 , 9) 
Homework check

5.3 genes and alleles
5.3.6 You can describe what genes and alleles are.
5.3.7 You can describe what a mutation is.
5.3.8 You can describe what cancer is.


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Slide 1: Slide
BiologieMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 3

This lesson contains 20 slides, with interactive quizzes, text slides and 2 videos.

time-iconLesson duration is: 45 min

Items in this lesson

Planning 
Recapitulation 5.2 (3, 5, 7 , 9) 
Homework check

5.3 genes and alleles
5.3.6 You can describe what genes and alleles are.
5.3.7 You can describe what a mutation is.
5.3.8 You can describe what cancer is.


timer
2:00

Slide 1 - Slide

Slide 2 - Slide

Meiosis = a special form of cell division to create sex cells = gametes (page 110,  highlight this text) 

Slide 3 - Slide

DNA, how it's built
Basepair
Combination of A-T or C-G. Other combinations are impossible in the DNA
Gene
Many (often thousands) of basepairs together contain the information of a gene. The order of the basepairs decides the code and its contents.
Base
Buildingblock of the DNA, there's 4 types:
  • A (adenine)
  • C (cytosine)
  • T (thymine)
  • G (guanine)

Slide 4 - Slide

Time to try for yourself
Make question 1 page 122
timer
3:00

Slide 5 - Slide

Genes and characteristics
  • 1 characteristic often is made up of different genes
  • Genes contain information to make proteins

Slide 6 - Slide

Proteins
Muscle cell - gene active  that contains info for producing muscle protein
Pancreas - producing insulin (hormones are proteins)
Melanin - pigment in your eye 

Slide 7 - Slide

Alleles



Genes have different gene variants: alleles
Alleles (variants) of eyecolor: blue, brown, green, etc.
Some alleles are stronger than others

Slide 8 - Slide

Allele pairs
Alleles of 1 gene form pairs:
  • 2 same alleles = 2 alleles for straight hair
  • 2 different alleles = 1 allele for straight and one for curly

Slide 9 - Slide

Time to try for yourself
Make question 5 page 124
timer
3:00

Slide 10 - Slide

Which cells contain alleles for hair colour?
Pick the answer showing the most correct cells
A
Hair cells
B
Hair and head cells
C
Hair, head and brain cells
D
Hair, head, brain and eye cells

Slide 11 - Quiz

Which alleles could you both find in the same sperm cell?
A
Brown hair Blond hair
B
Blue eyes Green eyes
C
Brown hair Blue eyes
D
Red hair Blond hair

Slide 12 - Quiz

Mutations
  • The genotyp of a person can not change
  • Mutation = part of the DNA (in a cell) changes
  • Usually little to no influence
  • Organism where mutation shows in phenotype = mutant
  • The moment and place of mutation are important

Slide 13 - Slide

How does DNA mutate?
Mutations can be caused by mutagenic influences:
  • Sunlight (UV-radiation)
  • Radioactive radiation (Röntgen)
  • Asbestos, smoke

Mutations also happen by mistake during cell division

Slide 14 - Slide

Cancer, how and why?
  • Happens due to mutations, Not bacteria/virus
  • Mutation makes cells divide continously      
  • this creates a tumour:
       - Benign: Divides slowly, stays at its spot
       - Malignant: divides quickly, disrupts tissues
  • Metastasis > cancer cells are carried by blood/lymph. End up in different body parts and create more/new tumours

Slide 15 - Slide

Time to try for yourself
Make question 2, 7, 8
timer
3:00

Slide 16 - Slide

Slide 17 - Video

Time to try for yourself
Make question 3
timer
3:00

Slide 18 - Slide

Homework
5.3 Questions 1 to 9 (skip summary)

Slide 19 - Slide

Slide 20 - Video

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