9.2.1: The Russian Revolution -TEACH-

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

9. The Time of World Wars

INTERBELLUM

9.2.1:  The Russian Revolution

Lesson series 9.3

9.1 and 9.2 were about World War 1.

9.3 is mainly about the time between World War 1 and World War 2. 

We call this period (1919 - 1939) "the Interbellum". ("inter" = between, "bellum" = war)

You will learn how democracy was challenged when economic crises hit Europe. Several countries turned away from democracy and started their own political experiments, with devastating effects:

1. Communism in Russia
2. Fascism in Italy and Spain
   
3. National-Socialism in Germany.
   

These new (dictatorial) ideologies would lead Europe to a new World War.

You can find out about these 3 ideologies in a separate Lesson.

SOVIET UNION

RUSSIA

Nicolas II

Lenin

Stalin

people in this lesson

Nicholas II

tsar (emperor)

Russia

Rasputin

mad wizard

Russia

Lenin

Communist leader

Soviet Union

Karl Marx

"father" of communism

Germany

Module 9.2: the Interbellum

• Inter = in between
• bellum = war

• The interbellum is the time between WW1 and WW2  (1919 - 1939) .

Lesson 9.2.1: The Russian Revolution (1917)

Actually 2 revolutions:

I. February Revolution: 

• spontaneous peoples' revolution
• started with demonstrations for more bread, to end the war, end the absolute power of the czar.
• soldiers turned against the czar and joined the protesters

Lesson 9.2.1: The Russian Revolution (1917)

    

     effects: 

• the czar abdicated 
  
• a temporary (socialist) government took over
  
• but the war continued
  

video: - 44.47

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The Russian Revolution

II. October Revolution: 

• a planned 'putsch', or 'coup' (= staatsgreep)
• Lenin and his Bolsheviks (= communists) seized power.

The Russian Revolution

effects: 

• Lenin made peace with Germany (Treaty of Brest Litovsk)
• Lenin became a dictator and started to turn Russia into a              communist state: the Soviet Union
• He started to turn the country into a communist state by taking away land, factories and businesses from their owners 

The Russian Revolution

This led to a CIVIL WAR (1918 - 1922)

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The Russian Revolution

CIVIL WAR (1918-1922)

Who fought against who?

     REDS: (communists)

• Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, Trotski, Stalin

     WHITES:(anti- communists)

• wealthy capitalists (business owners), landowners
  
• czarists (people who wanted the czar back on the throne)
  
• armies from foreign anti-communist countries (France, UK, USA)
  

The outcome: The Whites were defeated. The czarist family was murdered.

13. The timeline and the table below is divided in three parts. Drag the sentences underneath the right part:

Lenin arrives in Petrograd

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Founding Soviet Union

World War I is going badly for Russia (1)

World War I is going badly for Russia (2)

April theses

civil war

Tsar Nicholas is in power

Bolsheviks are in power

& COMMUNISM

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SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM

Karl Marx, a 19th century German, came with the idea of SOCIALISM:

WHAT?

• Socialists want a better life for the poor working class people in society.
• These people do all the hard work, but the capitalists (business owners) get the profit. That is not fair.
• The government must take more control of the economy and limit the economic freedom of the capitalists.

 

SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM

HOW?

Try to get more SOCIAL LAWS (= laws that benefit the workers):

• Minimum wages
• 8 hour working day
• Better working conditions
• Sick pay, unemployment benefits, retirement.

Because of the socialists we still have these laws today.....

But what is communism???

SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM

The difference between socialists and communists is not the goal, but the means to reach them.

moderate

extremist

COMMUNISM

• Communism is an ideology.
• An ideology is a system of ideas and ideals, which forms the basis of economic or political or even religious policy.

• Other ideologies we will learn about are fascism and national-socialism.

     CAPITALIST ECONOMY                        COMMUNIST ECONOMY

1                                                           -

2                                                          -

3                                                          -

4                                                          -

5                                                          -

6                                                          -

7                                                          -

8                                                          -

Before you copy this overview, do the drag & drop task...

capitalist economy

communist economy

1 government controls the economy

1. minimal government interfere in economy

2. private ownership of businesses

2. state owned businesses

3. planned economy

3. free market economy

4. production targets set by the state

4. production determined by need or demand

5. you work for profit

5. you work for the good of the nation

6. companies compete with each other

6. no competition between companies

7. prices of products determined by the state

7. prices determined by supply and demand

8. commercials and adverts

8. no commercials and adverts needed

capitalist economy

communist economy

Divide the characteristics between the two blocks. 

government controls the economy

minimal government interfere in economy

private ownership of businesses

state-owned businesses

planned economy

 free market economy

production targets set by the state

production determined by need or demand

you work for profit

you work for the good of the nation

companies compete with each other

no competition between companies

prices of products determined by the state

prices determined by supply and demand

commercials and adverts

no commercials and adverts needed

congratulations

congratulations