4.1 From manual work to machines

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• Middelbare school
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The Industrial Revolution

chapter 4

From manual work to machines

paragraph 4.1

Learning objectives 

1. You can explain what industrialization involves.
   
2. You can name the main causes of the Industrial Revolution.
   
3. You can explain why we speak of an Industrial Revolution.

Industrial revolution

Industrialization

First factories appeared around 1750. 

Start of production in factories is called industrialization. 

Guilds? --> high quality and high prices. 

Demand for cotton rises.

More comfortable then wool and cheaper 

The import of cotton from colonies, people started thinking about ways how to produce cotton more efficiently. 

Effect: the invention of spinning machines to spin threads. 

These machines were too big to put at home. So, these machines were put in factories. 

--> Start of the Industrial Revolution. 

Spinning wheel (1 thread)

Spinning engine
(multiple threads)

The Steam Engine

Soon, inventors found a way for a machine working on steam. This lead to the first steam engine. 

Causes industrialisation

• Growth of the population due to better agriculture

• Increasing demand for cotton (and thus the need to build extra   factories)

• Farmes lost their jobs and moved to the city to work in the factories =   urbanisation

• European countries had access to raw materials from their colonies   (cotton, coal and iron)

Consequences of industrialization

• Great-Britain changed from an agrarian-urban society to an industrial society 
• Better infrastructure 
• Urbanization ( people started moving to the cities )
• Global warming 

Modern period started in 1800 

  Effects of industrialisation

New ways of transportation

Fast growing cities because of increasing urbanisation

   --> cheap, small and quickly-built houses 

The Industrial Revolution

chapter 4

Early modern period → Modern period

The period 1800-now is called the Modern Era. 

Think of the reason why a new era starts with industrialisation

In which country did the Industrial Revolution start?

1. The Netherlands
2. Germany
3. Great-Britain
4. The United States

What changed in the daily life of people during industrialisation?

1. New products, like matches and canned food
2. Light on the streets and at home during night time
3. Less people working on the countryside
4. New ways of transportation, like the train, tram and car