Direct & indirect speech

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• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Goals

After this lesson you...

1. know what direct and indirect speech are

2. know how to change a sentence from direct to indirect speech

3. know which tenses are used in direct and indirect speech

4. can transform a sentence from direct to indirect speech and the other way around

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech gebruiken we om letterlijk weer te geven wat iemand heeft gezegd. Indirect speech gebruiken we om te beschrijven wat iemand heeft gezegd.

• Direct speech: Sheila said: “I love mysteries.”

• Indirect speech: Sheila said that she loved mysteries.

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech: Robin asked: “Do you like stories?”

Indirect speech: Robin asked if I liked stories.

Direct speech: “I was at a party last night.”

Indirect speech: He told me that he had been at a party the night before.

LET OP:

1. Begin met een inleiding, bijvoorbeeld: She said that…, They asked if… etc.

2. Verander waar nodig verwijzingen (voornaamwoorden, tijdsbepalingen etc.)

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Let op met:

Pronouns, demonstratives en adverbs of time and place!

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Pronouns also usually change in indirect speech.

'I enjoy working in my garden,' said Bob. 

Bob said that he enjoyed working in his garden.

'We played tennis for our school,' said Alina. 

Alina told me they'd played tennis for their school.

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

However, if you are the person or one of the people who spoke, then the pronouns don't change.

'I'm working on my thesis,' I said. 

I told her that I was working on my thesis.

'We want our jobs back!' we said. 

We said that we wanted our jobs back.

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

We also change demonstratives and adverbs of time and place if they are no longer accurate.

'This is my house.'

He said this was his house. [You are currently in front of the house.]

He said that was his house. [You are not currently in front of the house.]

'We like it here.'

She told me they like it here. [You are currently in the place they like.]

She told me they like it there. [You are not in the place they like.]

'I'm planning to do it today.'

She told me she's planning to do it today. [It is currently still the same day.]

She told me she was planning to do it that day. [It is not the same day any more.]

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Present simple – past simple

• Direct speech: “I spend a lot of time there.”

• Indirect speech: Jim said that he spent a lot of time there.

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Present continuous – past continuous

• Direct speech: “We are working on it.”

• Indirect speech: They said that they were working on it.

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Past simple – past perfect

• Direct speech: “I saw you guys on the beach yesterday.”

• Indirect speech: Jake said that he had seen us on the beach the day before.

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Present perfect – past perfect

• Direct speech: “Have you ever seen anything strange?”

• Indirect speech: “The boys asked me if I had ever seen anything strange.”

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Future (will) – would

• Direct speech: “I’ll meet you guys later.”

• Indirect speech: Sheila said that she would meet us later.

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Change the direct speech into reported speech.

1. “He works in a bank.” - She said ...

2. “We went out last night.” - She told me ...

3. “I’m coming!” - She said ...

4. “I was waiting for the bus when he arrived.” - She told me ...

5. “ I’d never been there before.” - She said ...

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

1. She said that he worked in a bank.

2. She told me that they had gone out last night / the night before.

3. She said that she was coming.

4. She told me that she had been waiting for the bus when he arrived.

5. She said that she had never been there before.

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

Change the direct speech into reported (indirect) speech.

1. “I didn’t go to the party.” - She told me ...

2. “Lucy’ll come later.” - She said ...

3. “He hasn’t eaten breakfast.” - She told me ...

4. “I can help you tomorrow.” - She said ...

5. “You should go to bed early.” - She told me ...

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

1. She told me that she hadn't gone to the party.

2. She said that Lucy would come later.

3. She told me that he hadn't eaten breakfast.

4. She said that she could help me tomorrow.

5. She told me that I should go to bed early.

Goals

After this lesson you...

1. know what direct and indirect speech are

2. know how to change a sentence from direct to indirect speech

3. know which tenses are used in direct and indirect speech

4. can transform a sentence from direct to indirect speech and the other way around