Repeat 1.1, 1.2. 1.3

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Repeat 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

What are you going to do today?

In this lessonUp you are going to repeat and practice chapter 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3.

Make it seriously and make it by yourself. This is to help you learn and see how much you know about the chapters mentioned above. This will also show me what parts I have to focus on more in class!

Goodluck!

at the end of this lessonUp you can:

* name the functions of the respiratory system

* describe combustion and respiration including the terms fuel, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide and energy

* describe the differences in oxygen and carbon dioxides levels in inhaled and exhaled air.

* describe respiration in organisms and explain the relationship with physical activity using the terms glucose, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, energy 

Why is the respiratory system important?

Your respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. 

This system helps your body absorb oxygen from the air to create energy for our body.

It also cleans waste gases from your blood and protects you from things that can irritate you body. 

Energy

Our body uses a lot of energy to:

•  Keep our body temperature at 37 degrees, 
•  to move, 
•  to grow, 
•  to keep our organs working etc. 

But where do we get this energy from and what do we need for it? 

where do we get our energy from?

It starts with plants.

Plants do the process of photosynthesis to make the energy they need to grow.

Plants use sunlight, CO2 and water to make glucose, a sugar that stores energy.

During this process, the plants also makes Oxygen and releases it into the air.

Make the formula of Photosynthesis

Glucose

Carbon Dioxide

Water

Oxygen

Sunlight

Energy from glucose

Glucose contains a lot of energy. Not only plants can use this, people too.

We get glucose from our food. Our body cannot get to the energy in glucose without a little help. For this we need a process called combustion.

How this works I show with the help of a candle.

Combustion

Combustion is another name for burning.

In a combustion reaction, a fuel is burned and it reacts with oxygen (gas) to release energy.

Take for example the candle. 

The wax is the fuel. Burning the fuel (you need Oxygen for this) creates energy which is released in the form of heat and light.

When the fuel is burned, it disappears and other substances appear in its place. 

The substances produced by combustion are called combustion products. Sometimes also referred to as waste products (afvalstoffen).

Look at the candle again. You can see two black arrows going away from the flame. The arrows stand for the combustion products, in this case: Carbon dioxide (gas) + steam (water).

The fire triangle summarises the three things needed for combustion - a fuel, heat and oxygen. If one of these things is removed from a fire, the fire goes out.

1) What does combustion mean?
2) What does it do?

1. 1) Burning, 2) create energy
2. 1) Burning, 2) create Oxygen
3. 1)Heat, 2) create energy
4. 1) Energy, 2) create Carbon dioxide

Make the formula of combustion in the candle.

Carbon Dioxide

Water

Oxygen

Energy

Fuel

Explain what combustion products are

What are the combustion products of the combustion of a candle?

1. Carbon dioxide and Oxygen
2. Oxygen and steam
3. Steam and Carbon dioxide
4. Carbon dioxide and energy

Soooo... what exactly does this have to do with our respiratory system?

At this point you know:

• What combustion is and how it creates energy,

• What combustion products are,

(if you at this point do know know any of the above, 

read the slides again!)

The next slides will show you how combustion and our 

respiratory system are connected!

Combustion in our bodies

A similar process happens in our bodies. But instead of calling it combustion we call it respiration.

We use glucose as a fuel. We get this from our food. 

To make respiration happen we need Oxygen.

O2

Fuel

verbranding

energy

CO2

H2O

Respiration happens in our cells.

Combustion in our bodies

The energy that's being released we use in our bodies. Some combustion products are released.

CO2: We exhale this

and H2O.

Respiration happens day and night. Without respiration our cells die.

O2

Fuel

verbranding

energy

CO2

H2O

Respiration during exercise

During exercise there is an increase in physical activity and muscle cells respire more than they do when the body is at rest.

The heart rate increases during exercise. The rate and depth of breathing increases - this makes sure that more oxygen is absorbed into the blood, and more carbon dioxide is removed from it.

Make the right formula of respiration

Oxygen

Energy

Water

Glucose

Carbon Dioxide

What are the waste products of respiration

1. Carbon Dioxide + Oxygen
2. Oxygen + Water
3. Water + Energy
4. Carbon Dioxide + water

What is the fuel for respiration?

1. Carbon Dioxide
2. Oxygen
3. Glucose
4. Energy

Respiration only happens in humans

1. True
2. Not true

Respiration only happens during the day

1. True
2. Not true

Without respiration we would die

1. True
2. Not true

respiration and breathing are the same thing?

1. True
2. Not true

What is the difference between breathing and respiration?

describe respiration in organisms and explain the relationship with physical activity using the terms glucose, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, energy

Explain why it is important that we breath

The nasal cavity and oral cavity

When you breath the air comes in through the  nasal cavity or oral cavity.

The nasal cavity is a large, air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. 

In the front part of the nasal cavity are the nasal hairs, they trap larger dust particles. 

Check out the picture for all the parts!

The walls of the nasal cavity are covered with the nasal lining, which has mucus-producing cells (cells that produce mucus, slijm).

--> This is also called the mucous membrane.

The mucus moistens the air that you inhale. 

Under the nasal lining are a lot of small blood vessels that keep the nasal lining warm. This also warms up the inhaled air. 

So the nasal hairs capture the big dust particles. 

Smaller dust particles and germs stick to the mucus of the nasal lining. 

Small hairs called cilia sweep the mucus towards the back where it gets swallowed.

(you will see this in the video on the next page).

The olfactory system

The air we inhale gets checked by the olfactory system. This helps you smell and it warns you if it contains any smelly gasses that may be dangerous.

• The olfactory system is located in the roof of the nasal cavity

Which one holds onto the smaller dust particles you inhale?

1. Olfactory sytem
2. Mucus
3. Nose hairs
4. Ciliated cells

What is the olfactory system used for?

1. The exchange of gas
2. Clearing the nasal cavity of dust particles
3. Used for the sense of smell
4. Clearing the bronchiole of dust particles.

What is the function of cilia?

1. Sweep dust particles and other irritants to the back of the nasal cavity
2. Sweep snot to the back of your nasal cavity
3. Make mucus to catch dust particles
4. Sweep dust particles to the front of your nose

Oral cavity

When you breath through your mouth the air is not cleaned, warmed or moistened as much. Your sense of smell is less good then too. 

Breathing through your mouth is therefor healthier than breathing through your mouth. 

Name 4 short reasons why breathing through your nose is healthier than breathing through your mouth

Pharynx 

After the nasal cavity and oral cavity air passes the pharynx.

The pharyx is where the path taken by your food crosses the path taken by the air you breath.

Breathing

1. When you breath the uvula and epiglottis are open. This way air can go straight into the windpipe. 

Swallowing

2. When you swallow the uvula and epiglottis are closed. This way food can not get into the nasal cavity or windpipe. 

Choking

3. When you choke the uvula and epiglottis did not close properly and food gets into your windpipe. 

Most of the time you can cough (hoesten) the food back up.

Open

Closed

open

closed

open

closed

uvula

epiglottis

uvula

epiglottis

uvula

epiglottis

Larynx 

The larynx or voicebox is located between the pharynx and windpipe. The larynx contains the vocal cords (stembanden).

You can feel the larynx on the outside of your throat as the Adam's apple. 

Windpipe

The windpipe or trachea is a hollow tube connected to the lower part of the larynx. 

The wall of the windpipe has horse-shoe shaped rings, called the cartilage rings (kraakbeen ringen). They make sure the windpipe is always open and doesn't collapse. 

The cartilage rings don't fully close in the back, this is for flexibility. 

Bronchi 

The windpipe splits into two branches called the bronchi, one to each lung. 

The bronchi also have cartilage rings in the wall. 

The bronchi split into even smaller branches called the bronchioles. 

The bronchioles are too small for cartilage rings, they have small muscles in the walls. 

The larynx contains the ...?

1. Vocal cords
2. Windpipe
3. Cartilage rings
4. Adam's apple

What is the function of the cartilage rings in the windpipe and bronchi?

Was this LessonUp useful?

Yes

No

A little bit

Why are the cartilage rings horse-shoe shaped?

1. For breathing
2. For flexibility
3. for respiration
4. to make it stronger

Do you feel like you understand combustion and respiration better?

Yes

No

A little bit

Are there any topics you want me to repeat in class?

Well done!

Check if you made all the homework exercises:

1.1

opdr: 1,2,3,5

1.2:

opdr: 1,2,3,5,6 en 7

1.3

opdr: 1 tm 8