H5 - 2021- nouns & plural forms; indefinite and definite article; some and any; pronouns

Today's class
Review
Definite articles - ex. a/b/c - p. 33
Some/any - ex. a/b/c - p. 35

New + HW Friday
Pronouns p. 36-37 and personal pronouns p. 38-39  
ex. a/b/c p. 37 + ex. a/b p. 38 +  a/b p 39

The Lottery + questions = HW Friday
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Slide 1: Slide
Middelbare schoolhavoLeerjaar 5

This lesson contains 42 slides, with text slides.

time-iconLesson duration is: 50 min

Items in this lesson

Today's class
Review
Definite articles - ex. a/b/c - p. 33
Some/any - ex. a/b/c - p. 35

New + HW Friday
Pronouns p. 36-37 and personal pronouns p. 38-39  
ex. a/b/c p. 37 + ex. a/b p. 38 +  a/b p 39

The Lottery + questions = HW Friday

Slide 1 - Slide

Nouns - plural forms - part III
  • Nouns - only singular form: 
advice, coal, information, property, strength, business, progress, furniture
(It was business as usual.  But: these bits of information, two pieces of furniture; several businesses -> in the meaning of  companies)


  • Nouns - only  plural form:
environs, surroundings, oats, riches, stairs, wages, contents, thanks
(These surroundings are beautiful!)


  • Nouns of tools and clothing consisting of equal parts
jeans, pants, trousers, scissors, pyjamas, slacks (nice pair of pants for work!), goggles, glasses, scales, compasses
(one pair of jeans, one pair or two pairs of scissors, one pair of compasses)

Slide 2 - Slide

Nouns - plural forms - part III


  • Little (weinig) -> uncountable nouns (material, abstract nouns -> milk, love)
  • Few (weinig) -> countable nouns ( nouns that take -s/-es or a different plural ending)


  • A little (een beetje) -> uncountable nouns (material, abstract nouns -> wood, comfort)
  • A few (een paar) -> countable nouns (chairs, people!, stars, children, men etc.)


Slide 3 - Slide

Nouns - plural forms - part I

  1. What is the common plural form?.
  2. When do nouns take "-ES" as their plural form? (Rule + exceptions)

  3. When do nouns take "-IES" as their plural form (Rule + exceptions)
  4. When do nouns take "-VES" as their plural form (Rule + exceptions)
  5. Which 3 other plural forms other than the above exist? 







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15:00

Slide 4 - Slide

Nouns - plural forms - part I
  1. -S What is the common plural form?.
  2. When do nouns take "-ES" as their plural form? (Rule + exceptions)
  3. When do nouns take "-IES" as their plural form (Rule + exceptions)
  4. When do nouns take "-VES" as their plural form (Rule + exceptions)
  5. Which 3 other plural forms other than the above exist? > chairs/trees/dogs etc.

  1. -S = common form
  2. a) -ES -> after nouns ending in "s" sound ->. kisses/buses/watches/boxes etc.  b -ES -> after nouns ending in vowel -> tomatoes/potatoes/heroes etc. -> STUDY THE EXCEPTIONS (e.g. photos)
  3. -Y -> ie -> ladies/babies/cries etc. -> STUDY THE EXCEPTIONS (e.g. turkeys
  4. -F -> ves -> thieves/loaves/lives etc. -> STUDY THE EXCEPTIONS (e.g. handkerchiefs)
  5. -EN -> children/oxen / Change in vowel -> foot-feet, mouse-mice, louse-lice, goose-geese, woman-women etc. -> STUDY!!!!!/ Singular = Plural -> sheep/series/means/deer/Chinese (-ese) etc. -> STUDY!!!!





Slide 5 - Slide

Nouns - plural forms

    • Agreement Subject/noun (countable) -> Both men put out their cigarettes/ Women love cats (Women love coffee/Women love their cups of coffee in the morning.)

    • Plural noun as adjective takes singular form -> a twenty-pound note, a hundred-dollar bill

    • Crew/family/team/cattle/people/police -> plural form when referring to all members -> The police have arrested the thieves./Dutch people don't want to give up Sinterklaas.

    • People (volk)/Peoples (volkeren) -> the indigenous peoples of North Africa



    Slide 6 - Slide

    Nouns - plural forms - part II
    • Nouns - only singular form: 
    advice, coal, information, property, strength, business, progress, furniture
    (It was business as usual.  But: these bits of information, two pieces of furniture)


    • Nouns - only  plural form:
    environs, surroundings, oats, riches, stairs, wages, contents, thanks
    (These surroundings are beautiful! These stairs are too steep for me. The contents of the zip files relate to the same topic.) 


    • Nouns of tools and clothing consisting of equal parts
    jeans, pants, trousers, scissors, pyjamas, slacks (nice pair of pants for work!), goggles, glasses, scales
    (one pair of jeans, one pair or two pairs of scissors)

    Slide 7 - Slide

    Nouns - plural forms - part III

    • A lot of and lots of (informal):
    To express that there is a large quantity of something.
    Used in positive sentences, negative sentences and questions, for both countable or uncountable nouns.

    • Much vs. Many
    To express that there is a large quantity of something.
    Used in negative sentences and questions.
    Many ->countable nouns (many CDs, pieces of information)
    Much -> uncountable nouns (much milk, much information).


    But with the word"times" -> many times (more than a lot of times / lots of times). 
     I've read it many times.Don't worry, I've done this many times.We have stayed at this hotel many times over the years.

    Slide 8 - Slide

    Nouns - plural forms - part III
    • Little (weinig) -> uncountable nouns
    • Few (weinig) -> countable nouns

    • A little (een beetje) -> uncountable nouns
    • A few (een paar) -> countable nouns


    Slide 9 - Slide

    Practice
    Blue booklet
    ex. A/B/C - p. 27

    Slide 10 - Slide

    Nouns - plural forms - part III
    • Nouns - only singular form: 
    advice, coal, information, property, strength, business, progress, furniture
    (It was business as usual.  But: these bits of information, two pieces of furniture; advice = adviezen, one piece of advice = advies)

    • Nouns - only  plural form:
    environs, surroundings, oats, riches, stairs, wages, contents, thanks
    (These surroundings are beautiful! Many thanks! These stairs are too steep!)

    • Nouns of tools and clothing consisting of equal parts
    jeans, pants, trousers, scissors, pyjamas, slacks (nice pair of pants for work!), goggles, glasses, scales
    (one pair of jeans, one pair or two pairs of scissors, two pairs of swimming trunks)

    Slide 11 - Slide

    Grammatical concord nouns
    1. The man parks his car./The girl reads a newspaper.
    2. The men park their cars./The girls read newspapers
    3. The men park their car./The girls read a newspaper.

    Difference between nos. 2 and 3?

    Slide 12 - Slide

    Group nouns

    • army
    • audience
    • committee
    • company
    • crew
    • enemy
    •  family 
    • flock
    • gang
    • government
    • group
    • herd
    • public
    • regiment
    • staff
    • team

    British English:
    Plural ->  when referring to the group as individual members:
    The government are always changing their minds.
    The crew are arguing about the new lighting plan.
    The staff disagree about the new opening times

    Singular -> when referred to as a group
    The Customer Service staff is unavailable after 6 P.M. (all members/the entire group)

    Always plural:
    • Police -> The police have caught the thief.
    • People -> The people have voted for a new President.


    Slide 13 - Slide

    Nouns - plural forms - part III

    • A lot of and lots of (informal) ->  positive sentences, negative sentences and questions, for both countable or uncountable nouns.

    • Much vs. Many ->  negative sentences and questions.
    Many ->countable nouns (many CDs, pieces of information)
    Much -> uncountable nouns (much milk, much information).


    But with the word"times" -> many times (more than a lot of times / lots of times). 
     I've read it many times.Don't worry, I've done this many times.We have stayed at this hotel many times over the years.

    Slide 14 - Slide

    Indefinite article


    Blue booklet
    ex. A/B/C - p. 31

    Slide 15 - Slide

    Indefinite article (a/an)
    General Rule
    • Used for nouns relating to a profession, job, rank, religion etc. (She's a doctor, He's a feminist, She's a Muslim)
    • Used after AS, WITH(OUT) (Don't leave without a jacket)
    • Used after THE PROFESSION OF, THE CAREER OF, THE TRADE OF (She's looking into a career as a bookkeeper)

    Exceptions:
    • Don't use a/an for plural nouns (Have you been able to find pants yet? Both sisters wanted to become surgeons)
    • Don't use for job positions that can only be held by ONE person (She wanted to become President. As captain of the team..)

    General rule exclamations:
    What a(n) + noun (that also has a plural form) -> What a lovely day! What a great opportunity! What a great book!
    In all other cases -> no a/an -> What delicious wine! What great books! Those were amazing opportunities! 



    Slide 16 - Slide

    Indefinite article (a/an)

    Exclamations:
    What a(n) + noun (for a singular noun that also has a plural form) -> What a lovely day! What a great opportunity! What a great book!

    No a/an for these exclamations:
    -> What delicious wine! (wine-> no plural form) 
    -> What great books! Those were amazing opportunities! ( -> plural forms)


    But: What a pity! What a shame!



    Slide 17 - Slide

    Definite Article - The



    Use "the" to indicate a specific thing/person/animal


    Slide 18 - Slide

    NO "the" - NO Definite article
    • abstract nouns (love, life)

    • plural nouns GENERAL USE (bananas are expensive) N.B.: when referring to SPECIFIC bananas: use "the"

    • buildings referring to use (I go to school every day. He goes to church on Sunday. He had to go to hospital for his injuries.)

    • names of meals when referring to time (after breakfast, before lunch, during supper)

    • names of seasons used in a general sense (Summer is the time for swimming, fun and laughter. But: The summer I remember best is ....

    • proper names + the name of a building/street/park etc. (Buckingham Palace, Central Park, 10 Downing Street)

    • Most / next / last (most people, next Friday, last week)

    Slide 19 - Slide

    Some(& compound words)



    • Affirmative sentences (bevestigende zinnen)
    • Answer is expected to be "yes" -> Could you lend me some money?
    • Polite/rethorical questions -> Is there someone out there?
    •       Een zekere/een of andere -> Some guy asked me for my number.
    •       Ongeveer -> There were some 100 people at the party.

    Any (& compound words)


    • Negative sentences (ontkennende zinnen) -> I didn't see anyone out there.
    • In combination with negative words (ontkennende woorden) -> There are hardly any people left. / Is there anything you do around here?
    • Answer is expected to be "no" or uncertain -> You don't happen to have any cash on you, do you?
    • In Affirmative sentences you can use "no" 
    -> We didn't have any money left/We didn't see it anywhere (= negative sentences)  
    -> We had no money left./We saw it nowhere. (= affirmative sentences)
    • Any -> welke dan ook; ook maar een beetje (Can I have a CD? Sure, just take any.; If you have any sense at all, you wouldn't do this.)

    Slide 20 - Slide

    Demonstrative Pronouns
    This (deze/dichtbij enkv.); 
    These (deze/dichtbij mv)

    That (die/verderaf enkv.);
    Those (die/verderaf mv.)

    Slide 21 - Slide

    Relative Pronouns - who/that/which/whom
    Persons - who, that (=informal)
    Things - that, which

    Pet (has a name) - who
    Animal (no name) - that, which

    Preposition + whom 
    (To whom it may concern; With whom are you going to the prom?)
    BUT: Who(m) are you going to the prom with?

    Zinsdeel - which (She was really tired, which was no surprise to me.)

    Slide 22 - Slide

    Relative Pronouns
    Whose = wiens/van wie   (Whose coat is that? Whose viewpoint are you defending?)

    Why = reden     (The reason why he did it was unclear.)

    How = manier waarop     (How did you manage to make it?)

    When = tijd, moment.  (The teacher asked me when I could do the resit.)

    What = the things that - grotere keuze (What would you like to drink?)

    Which = dingen - beperkte keuze/keuze uit 2 (We have coffee and tea. Which would you like?)


    Fixed expression: What time is it? = Hoe laat is het?

    Slide 23 - Slide

    Relative Pronouns - who/that/which - restrictive/non- restrictive

    The man, who was always dresses to the tees, went on holiday -> non-restrictive, extra information & not required to understand the message

    The man who/that is standing over there is my uncle -> restrictive, only that man


    The book, which is a great book, is a best-seller. -> non-restrictive, extra info
    The book which/that she wanted was sold out -> restrictive, only that book


    Restrictive -> no commas; which/that

    Non-restrictive -> commas; which

    Slide 24 - Slide

    Relative Pronouns - who/that/which - mag je weglaten wanneer dit NIET het onderwerp is bij het werkwoord
    The man who(m) I met is nice.  -> I = onderwerp bij "met" -> je kan "who(m)" weglaten
    The man I met is nice

    The man who comes here often has been hospitalized. -> who = onderwerp bij "comes -> je kan who NIET weglaten
    The man who comes here often has been hospitalized.



    This is the thing which/that we talked about yesterday. -> we = onderwerp bij "talked" -> je kan "which of that" weglaten
    This is the thing we talked about yesterday.

    This is the thing which/that is important -> which/that = onderwerp bij "is" -> je kan "which of that" NIET weglaten
    This is the thing that is important.

    Slide 25 - Slide

    Personal pronouns

    Subject
    (Onderwerp)
    I
    you
    he/she
    it 
    we
    you
    they

    Note: it = also used to refer to a baby/little child
    Note: he/she = used to refer to your pet 
    Personal pronouns

    Indirect object 
    (meewerkend voorwerp)
    me
    you
    him/her
    it
    us
    you
    them

    Slide 26 - Slide

    Personal pronouns

    Possessive
    (bezittelijk)
    my - it is mine
    your - it is yours
    his/her - it is his/hers
    its
    our - it is ours
    your - it is yours
    their - it is theirs

    Slide 27 - Slide

    Slide 28 - Slide

    Key - p. 27

    A.
    1. buses
    2. mice
    3. geese
    4. churches
    5. thieves
    6. series
    7. cuckoos
    8. roofs
    9. means
    10. deer
    11. safes
    12. shelves
    Key - p. 27

    A.
    13. sheep
    14. Chinese
    15. gases
    16. cities
    17. glasses
    18. photos
    19. policemen
    20. studios
    21. Germans
    22. cargos
    23. keys
    24. babies

    Slide 29 - Slide

    Key - plural forms - p. 27

    B. 
    1. bikinis; toothbrushes
    2. aircraft
    3. means
    4. Swiss; watches
    5. tomatoes
    6. mice; lice
    7. centuries; houses
    8. gasworks
    9. mouths; boys
    10. turkeys
    Key - plural forms - p. 27

    C. 
    1. Each evening/night the farmers counted their sheep and geese.
    2. The photos are quite clear.
    3. They cut their loaves of bread with sharp knives.
    4. What do the Chinese think of the Japanese?
    5. These means are better than all the others. (een manier = means -> singular. The best means of keeping your teeth clean is to use an electric tooth brush)
    6. All aircraft will be painted white.
    7. This book cost 5 pounds, and I paid for it with a five-pound note/5-pound note.
    8. The 17-year-old girl didn't/did not like tomatoes.

    Slide 30 - Slide

    Key - p. 29 - plural nouns/a pair of /much/many/little/few

    A. 
    1. much information (non-countable - abstract noun)
    2. three pairs of trousers
    3. they are on the chair
    4. a sound piece of advice
    5. some furniture
    6.  His strength
    7. Little progress (non-countable - abstract noun)
    8. All his riches haven't
    9. this pair of scissors (these scissors = ok; a new pair of; new ones)
    10. all my property
    Key - p. 29 - plural nouns/a pair of /much/many/little/few

    B
    1. much 
    2. information was
    3. police take (police takes = US; on test stick to UK police take); public are
    4. These are my trousers. Take them off
    5. Two pairs of shorts and three pairs of tights please
    6. business is business
    7. My swimming trunks are nowhere to be found.
    8. few cattle (countable)
    9. She gave me a sound piece of advice.
    10. Many cattle were lost. (countable)

    Slide 31 - Slide

    Key - p. 29 - plural nouns/a pair of /much/many/little/few

    C.
    1. The peoples of the world should unite.
    2. Are the environs of Glasgow interesting?
    3. Where is the new furniture?
    4. They only gave a little information.
    5. For his birthday last year, he got one pair of pants and two pairs of sunglasses.
    6. We sold 40,000 (NOTE the comma) pairs of swimming trunks last year.
    7. Many thanks for your letter.
    8. The government have decided to stimulate the export.

    Slide 32 - Slide

    Key - p.31 - indefinite article

    A
    1. a, a
    2. a
    3. -
    4. a
    5. a, a
    6. -
    7. -
    8. a
    9. -
    10. a
    11. a
    12. a
    13. a
    14. a
    15. a
       
    Key - p.31 - indefinite article

    B.
    1. Hij was gekozen tot de (nieuwe) president van Amerika.
    2. Sue is de secretaresse van onze bank manager.
    3. Mijn vriendin wil dat ik miljonair word.
    4. Hij is benoemd tot de manager van M.U.
    5. All zijn broers zijn tandarts geworden.
    6. Wie is de aanvoerder van ons team morgen?
    7. Hij is wereldberoemd als pianist.
    8. Wat draag je een mooie jurk.
    9. Hij was de burgemeester van Londen vorig jaar.
    10. Hij is de aartsbisschop van York



    Slide 33 - Slide

    Key - p.31 - indefinite article

    C.
    1. Als a young girl, she wanted to become a teacher.
    2. The profession of a doctor seems appealing to me.
    3. What a sweet boy!
    4.  Such lovely gardens!
    5. Don't go outside without a coat/jacket!
    6. He's a corporal.
    7. Is she a communist?
    8. He is chairperson of our society.
    9. What delicious whisky!

    Slide 34 - Slide

    Key Definite article - p. 33 
    Ex. A
    1. the
    2. -
    3. -
    4. -
    5. -
    6. -
    7. -
    8. the
    9. -
    10. -
    11. -
    12. -
    13. -
    14. the
    15. the
    16. the
    Key Definite article - p. 33 
    Ex. B

    1. college
    2. Life; art
    3. the life
    4. Most people
    5. The love
    6. The hospital
    7. Cars
    8. The cars


    Slide 35 - Slide

    Key Definite article - p. 33 

    Ex. C


    1. He studied at Oxford University.
    2. We are going to visit Windsor Castle
    3. Can you tell me where I can find the hospital?
    4. Do you remember the winter of 1987?
    5. Last week I smoked my last cigarette.
    6. He was taken to hospital.
    7. We have to be careful with nature.
    8. Most people enjoy/love watching TV.
    9. What time do we eat?
    10. Computers have become cheaper this year.

    Slide 36 - Slide

    Key Some/any - p. 35

    Ex. A


    1. any; some 
    2. any 
    3. some; any
    4. some
    5. any
    6. any; some
    7. some; no
    8. any
    9. some; any
    10. Some (= een of andere)
    Key Some/any - p. 35

    Ex. B.

    1. anywhere
    2. anyone (you don't know if anyone does)
    3. something; anything
    4. anything
    5. someone; no one
    6. anything on TV; somewhere
    7. anyone
    8. something (you expect the answer to be yes)

    Slide 37 - Slide

    Key Some/any - p. 35

    Ex. C

    1. Would you like (a cup of) coffee with some cookies?

    2. Can someone tell me why I'm here/what I'm doing here?

    3. I haven't seen him anywhere. Do you think something has happened to him.

    4. There was hardly any wind today.

    5. No one tells me what to do!

    6. Some stupid kid/child threw some rocks at me.

    Key Some/any - p. 35

    Ex. C

    7. Are you going to do something about it? (you expect the answer to be yes)

    8. Hardly anyone ever listens to this show/programme.

    9. Shall I get us some french fries/chips?

    10. Do you have any books on WW II?

    Slide 38 - Slide

    Relative pronouns - p. 37 - Key

    Ex. A  - alle mogelijkheden 
    Wanneer pronoun kan worden weggelaten dan een -
    1. who
    2. whose
    3. - ;that; which
    4. which
    5. -; that; which
    6. -;that;which
    7. -;who;that
    8. whom 
    9. -;that; which
    10. in which (= waarin)
    11. which
    12. whose
    13. -;who; whom; that
    14. which
    15. who;that

    Relative pronouns - p. 37

    Ex. B. - translation N-E

    1. The man, whose son has lived/has been living in Canada for ten/10 years now/so far, is a farmer.
    2. The woman with whom he was talking is not his wife/spouse = formal
    The woman (who/whom/that/-)he was talking to is not his wife/spouse = informal
    3. The building that/which you see over there is the police station.
    4. What is the name of the boy with whom you were talking? = formal
    What is the name of the boy who/whom/that/- you were talking to? = informal
    5. Is this the pen which/that/- you were looking for?
    6. The men who/that robbed the bank have been arrested.
    7. He is in love with a girl who/that/- he met on a field trip.

    Slide 39 - Slide

    Relative pronouns - p. 37 - Key

    Ex. B. - translation N-E

    8. The knife with which the man was murdered/killed has not been found yet.

    Waarmee = with which
    Waarin = in which
    Waaraan = what are you thinking of

    Waar = where alleen wanneer het een plaats betreft

    Let op:
    • that -> nooit tussen komma's
    • - (geen pronoun) wanneer relative pronoun niet het onderwerp is -> het heeft de voorkeur om niets in te vullen
    • Let op verschil formeel/informeel: with whom = formeel
    Personal pronouns - p. 38

    Ex. A

    1. her
    2. it
    3. it
    4. she; them (she -> huisdier, en vanwege puppies dus vrouwelijk)
    5. it
    6. us
    7. them
    8. it
    9. him
    10. they (niet which omdat er om een PERSONAL pronoun wordt gevraagd)

    Slide 40 - Slide

    Personal pronouns - p. 39

    Ex. B. - translation N-E + STUDY THE VERBS ON PAGE 38

    1. How old is this dog? It's 5 years old (pet: He/she is 5 years old)
    2. Where is my bag? It is under the table.
    3. I asked my teacher, but he didn't know it.
    4. When did you meet her?
    5. I have to work on Saturday, but I don't mind.
    6. They have helped us.
    7. Why haven't you told me?
    8. Has he invited you?
    9. Is she ill? I believe so.
    10. Will it be dry tomorrow? I hope so.
    13. Do you understand?
    14. I can't remember.

    Interrogative pronouns - p. 39

    Ex. A

    1. Who
    2. What
    3. Who; whom
    4. Which
    5. Why
    6. whom
    7. which
    8. When
    9. When
    10. Whose
    11. Who; whom
    12. What
    13. Where; why; when
    14. Which

    Slide 41 - Slide

    Interrogative pronouns - p. 40

    Ex. B - Translation N-E

    1. Who has told you this?
    2. Which players got a yellow cared

    Slide 42 - Slide