Cell cycle & mitosis

Cell cycle & Mitosis
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BiologieMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 4

This lesson contains 27 slides, with interactive quizzes, text slides and 3 videos.

time-iconLesson duration is: 30 min

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Cell cycle & Mitosis

Slide 1 - Slide

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What are the three reasons why cells remain small?
A
Large cells have difficulty diffusing nutrients rapidly enough
B
As cells grow, their ratio of surface area to volume decreases
C
Transportation of wastes become a problem for larger cells
D
All of the above

Slide 2 - Quiz

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What is the effect of surface area on diffusion?

Slide 3 - Slide

The bigger the surface area, the faster the molecules will be evenly distributed over the available area
How many pairs of chromosomes are present in one human cell?

Slide 4 - Open question

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In growth of tissues cells divide/ double. What needs to be done with the DNA if a cell divides?

Slide 5 - Open question

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Slide 6 - Slide

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Learning objectives
  • List and describe the steps of the cell cycle
  • List and describe the phases of mitosis
  •  Describe changes in number of chromosomes during the steps of the cell cycle and mitosis
  • Describe changes in DNA content during the steps of the cell cycle and mitosis

Slide 9 - Slide

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Cell cycle
  • Interphase:
      - G1-phase: growth, forming organelles
      - S-phase: DNA replication
      - G2-phase: growth, prep M-phase
  •  Cell division: M-phase
       - Mitosis or Meiosis

Slide 10 - Slide

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Slide 11 - Video

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S-phase
  • DNA replication
  • Chromosomes: DNA wrapped around proteins
  • Centromere: point at which two chromatids connect
  • Number of chromosomes = number of centromeres 
  • Chromatid: half of a replicated chromosome
  • n: number of different types of chromosomes in that species, n=23 for humans. We have chromosomes in pairs (except in gametes), remember Aa from inheritance last year.

Slide 12 - Slide

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The G1, S and G2 phase together make up the:
A
Cell cycle
B
Interphase
C
Mitosis
D
Growth phase

Slide 13 - Quiz

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In which phase of the cell cycle are organelles formed?
A
M phase
B
G1 Phase
C
G2 Phase
D
S phase

Slide 14 - Quiz

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What is the structure called that connects the chromatids?
A
Centriole
B
Centromere
C
Controsome

Slide 15 - Quiz

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Which applies?
A
4 chromosomes, 8 chromatids
B
8 chromosomes, 8 chromatids
C
8 chromosomes, 4 chromatids
D
8 chromosomes, 16 chromatids

Slide 16 - Quiz

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Which applies?
A
4 chromosomes, 8 chromatids
B
8 chromosomes, 8 chromatids
C
8 chromosomes, 4 chromatids
D
8 chromosomes, 16 chromatids

Slide 17 - Quiz

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M-phase
  • Cell division
  • Two options:
      - Mitosis: creating exact copies of the original cell for growth and repair
      - Meiosis: creating cells with half the number of chromosomes for reproduction (the gametes)

Slide 18 - Slide

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Mitosis
One cell will split in two exact copies

2n (46) --> 2n + 2n

Slide 19 - Slide

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Prophase
  • Chromosomes condense: each has two chromatids
  • Nuclear membrane starts breaking down
  • Spindle apparatus appears 

Slide 20 - Slide

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Metaphase
  • Centromeres lined up on the equator
  • Each chromatid attached to a spindle fibre 

Slide 21 - Slide

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Anaphase
  • Separation of the sister chromatids 
  • Sister chromatids move to opposite poles, now called chromosomes

Slide 22 - Slide

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Telophase
  • Chromosomes have reached poles
  • Nuclear membranes start forming
  • Chromosomes uncoil, become less visible 

Slide 23 - Slide

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Cytokinesis
  • Actual splitting of cytoplasm 

Slide 24 - Slide

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Homework

  • Watch the two video's below
  • Complete the worksheet Mitosis 
  • Study the Quizlet words: https://quizlet.com/_98nhb9?x=1qqt&i=134sd6  

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Slide 26 - Video

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Slide 27 - Video

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