3t Chapter 5 par. 1 en 2

Inheritance(genetics)
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Slide 1: Mind map
BiologieMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 3

This lesson contains 33 slides, with interactive quizzes and text slides.

time-iconLesson duration is: 50 min

Items in this lesson

Inheritance(genetics)

Slide 1 - Mind map

genotype en phenotype
learning goals: 
you can describe the meaning of  genotype and phenotype.


Slide 2 - Slide

Genetic material
  • Genetic material is located in the nucleus of every cell.
  • Each nucleus has chromosomes  that contain DNA.
  • The genetic material is located in DNA molecules.
  • Nuclei of human cells have 46 chromosomes.

Slide 3 - Slide

Chromosomes

Slide 4 - Slide

Each human being has 46 chromosomes. How many did you get from your mother?
A
46
B
23
C
22
D
45

Slide 5 - Quiz

Genotype

  • complete set of your inherited characteristics
  • information from DNA
  • you are born with it


Phenotype

  • your appearance 
  • seen from the 'outside' 
  • combination of genotype + environmental factors

Slide 6 - Slide

genotype
phenotype
XY chromosomes
cannot change!
you inherit this
can sometimes change during your life
you do not inherit this
a scar
Is not always visible

Slide 7 - Drag question

genotype en phenotype

Slide 8 - Slide

Identical twins do have the same genotype but not necessarily the same phenotype
A
true
B
false

Slide 9 - Quiz

chromosomes
A human cell contains 46 chromosomen
23 from mom and 23 from dad.
All nuclei of the cells in your body contain a combination of these chromosomes from both parents. 

Slide 10 - Slide

Fertilisation

23 chromosomes mother


23 chromosomes father


46 chromosomes in the fertilised egg cell

(= 23 pairs of chromosomes)


body cells   ovary cells      testes cells   body cells            
egg cell
sperm cell
fertilisation
zygote

Slide 11 - Slide

Cell division
= 46
= 46
= 46
= 46
= 23
= 23
= 46

Slide 12 - Slide

All body cells, except sex cells, are diploid

Slide 13 - Slide

Single chromosomes
Pairs of chromosomes
cell
cell

Slide 14 - Slide

Each living organism has a different amount of chromosomes.
The amount of chromosomes in body cells of a:
  • tomato plant = 12 
  • cow = 60
  • bee = 16 
  • chicken = 78


Slide 15 - Slide

Slide 16 - Slide

A dog has 78 chromosomes.
How many are there in a liver cell?

Slide 17 - Open question

A dog has 78 chromosomes.
How many are there in a sperm cell?

Slide 18 - Open question

A dog has 78 chromosomes.
2n is?
A
46
B
78
C
156
D
39

Slide 19 - Quiz

A dog has 78 chromosomes.
n is?
A
46
B
78
C
156
D
39

Slide 20 - Quiz

A frog has 26 chromosomes.
n is?
A
26
B
13
C
52
D
23

Slide 21 - Quiz

A frog has 26 chromosomes.
an egg cell has?
A
26
B
13
C
52
D
23

Slide 22 - Quiz

A frog has 26 chromosomes.
an egg cell has?
A
26
B
13
C
52
D
23

Slide 23 - Quiz

Karyotype
   Male karyotype            Female karyotype

Slide 24 - Slide

Karyotype
   Male karyotype            Female karyotype

Slide 25 - Slide

sex chromosomes
Female:
Male:

Slide 26 - Slide

-> 44 chromosomes are regular chromosomes:
     autosomes (chromosome pairs 1 - 22)

-> 2 chromosomes are sex chromosomes (X and Y)

Slide 27 - Slide

What is the chance to get a boy?

Slide 28 - Open question

What is the chance to get a boy?


  • mother has: 22 pairs (44) of autosomes + XX     -> 46 = 2n
  • father has: 22 pairs (44) of autosomes + XY        -> 46 = 2n

sex cells have a single set of chromosomes              -> 23 = n
  • egg cell has: 22 + X
  • sperm cell has: 22 + X  or  22 + Y


Slide 29 - Slide

The chance is
50%

Mother gives always an X chromosome
Father gives an X or an Y chromosome
So the chance for  XY = 50%

Slide 30 - Slide

Genes and alleles
In the chromosomes  all your genes 
for hear colour, eye colour, musicaloty and your character are located.

Slide 31 - Slide

Slide 32 - Slide

key words
homozygous
heterozygous
dominant
recessive
genotype
phenotype
genes
alleles

Slide 33 - Slide