BS 6 - DNA Techniques

BS 6 - DNA Techniques
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BiologieWOStudiejaar 3

This lesson contains 14 slides, with text slides and 1 video.

time-iconLesson duration is: 45 min

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BS 6 - DNA Techniques

Slide 1 - Slide

Today's lesson
1. Genetic modification and transgenic
2. CRISPR-Cas
3. Arguments for and against genetic modification (GM)
4. Genomics
5. DNA tests
6. eDNA
7. Synthetic biology

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Slide 3 - Link

Biotechnology





DNA of organism does not need to be changed

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Recominant DNA techniques
1.Take a gene from a healthy person - example: gene for making insulin.
2. Insert the gene into a bacteria.
3. Bacteria can produce insulin.

Slide 5 - Slide

Genetic modification
= the altering of an organism's DNA

genetically modified organism (GMO) = organism in which the DNA has been altered by humans

transgenic = if the new gene originates from another species

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Genetic modification cont.
See Fig. 1 pg. 145
Apples trees without scab (schurft).
Stonewashed jeans
Disease-free potatoes
Golden rice

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Editing genes using CRISPR-Cas

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Examples of gene editing
Chocolate - make the plant resistant to a deadly virus
Bananas -make the plant resistant to a fungus
Coffee - Caffeine has been edited out
Rice - Made more heat and drought resistant
Tomatoes - Give them more taste
Maize - Make more kernels form in dry conditions
Wheat - Make wheat grains that will contain less gluten

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Slide 10 - Video

Objections to genetic modification
  • The individual character and the well-being of  animals are affected by genetic modification.
  • Unexpected effects may occur (e.g. plagues)
  • The pollen of genetically modified plants can also end up in traditional crops. The offspring then contains the new genes, even though you might not want it to.
  • Transgenic food can pose a threat to our health. 
  • New illnesses that could be transmitted from animals to humans could develop




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Genomics 

Study of the entire DNA of an organism and the gene it contains.
Makes it easier to detect disease
Use to tailor treatments and medicines to a specific patient

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DNA tests, e DNA and Synthetic Biology
DNA tests - Used to fight crime, detect 
heritary diseases, find evolutionary kinship
between species, determine parental DNA

eDNA - Environmental DNA - find which species are in an area without having to catch them.

Synthetic DNA - DNA is artificially recreated - used to create microorganisms that can clean up waste or produce biofuels. 
Can also be used for information storage. HELLO (five bytes) have been stored in DNA. All computer data in the word would fit in one kilogram of DNA!

Slide 13 - Slide

To do
Read 5.6 - DNA Techniques
1 t.m 3 and 7

Slide 14 - Slide