Unit 203 - Wk 7

• Hairdressing
• Higher Education (non-degree)

Unit 203 - Wk 8

Recap Skin structure

Infectious vs non infectious

Recap hair and skin testing

Effective communication 

Do Now Task 

Complete the quiz.

Lesson objectives:

• Recall the three stages of the hair growth cycle.
• List the functions of the skin.
• Identify the difference between an infectious vs non-infectious condition.
• Explain why effective communication is important 

List the three stages of the hair growth cycle and 1 key fact about each one.

Drag the labels to the correct location on the skin

The Subcutaneous layer

Sebaceous gland

Epidermis

Dermis

Hair Strand

Cross section of the skin

Hair bulb - The bottom of the hair

Hair follicle - This is where the hair grows from. 

Hair root and shaft - The root is the hair below the skin. The hair which you can see is called the hair shaft.

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

Sebaceous glands produce the natural oil called sebum which protects and conditions the hair. The average hair follicle contains up to 3 glands. Overactive sebaceous glands, more than 3, can cause excessively oily hair.

SWEAT GLANDS

Sweat glands travel from the subcutaneous layer, through the dermis and up to the epidermis. They contain water which is released as perspiration through sweat pores to cool us down when we are hot.

NERVES

Nerves travel through the subcutaneous layer, into the dermis and attach to the lower layers of the epidermis. Nerves are also attached to the hair follicle, causing discomfort if the hair is pulled.

ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE

This muscle is attached to the hair follicle and the epidermis. We we are cold or scared the muscle contracts and causes the hair to lift. This traps a layer of warm air between the hairs and protects from the cold.

DERMAL PAPILLA

This nourishes the hair follicle and supplies food and oxygen to the hair and skin from blood cells via capillaries, arteries and veins.

THE MATRIX

The matrix is wrapped around  the dermal papilla, forms the new hair bulb by producing cells called melanocytes. These are made from keratin and are the fastest growing cells in the body.

What happens to arrector pili muscles?

1. Lift hair
2. Contract when cold
3. Relax when warm
4. Produce sweat

What do sebaceous glands produce?

1. Natural oil
2. Sweat
3. Sebum
4. Keratin

What is the subcutaneous layer also known as?

1. Epidermis
2. Hypodermis
3. Dermis

What does the dermis provide to the skin?

1. Elasticity
2. Waterproof barrier
3. Skin colour
4. Strength

What is the function of the epidermis?

1. Determines skin colour
2. Protects from bacteria
3. Provides nutrients to dermis
4. Contains blood supply

Hair shaft

Epidermis

Follicle

Dermis

Sebaceous gland

Dermal papilla

Blood capillaries

Arrector Pilli muscle

Sweat gland

Describe the difference between Infectious and Non-Infectious

Infectious vs Non-Infectious

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens and can be transmitted from one person to another. 

Non-infectious diseases are not contagious and do not spread from person to person.

Infection control in the salon

It is important to have a high standard of hygiene and infection control in the salon. Without this the risk of cross infection or infestation is increased. 

In your groups, think of how many ways to limit the chances of cross infection and infestation.

List the different methods of cleaning and sterilising

Cleaning methods

Chemical (disinfection) 

Equipment is placed in the barbicide mix for up to 30 minutes. 

Hair and scalp conditions

Skin and scalp problems

Eczema

Alopecia

Psoriasis

Impetigo

Folliculitis

Furunculosis (Boils or ascesses)

Warts

Ring worm (Tinea Capilis)

Dandruff (Pitrasis Capltis)

Scabies

Headlice (Pediculosis Capitis)

Research and find the following:

Description

Cause

Treatment

Is it infectious?

Non- Infectious Conditions 

Fragilitis crinium- Split Ends

Description: This is commonly known as split ends, where the tip or point of the hair has become dry, roughened and split.

Cause: Harsh physical or chemical treatments.

Treatment: Ideally cutting to remove the split ends. Restructurant conditioning treatments will help to smooth the roughness but will only be temporary. You cannot permanently repair hair that has split.

Trichorrexhis nodosa

Description: This is where hair has become roughened and swollen along the hair shaft and eventually this hair will break off.

Cause: Harsh chemical treatment (e.g. perm rubbers secured too tightly during perming or harsh physical damage caused by elastic bands).

Treatment: Restructurant and penetrating conditioning treatments, but ideally cut damaged hair off.

Monilethrix 

Description: weakened hair due to beaded swellings along the hair shaft

Cause: During development of the hair shaft there is irregular cell production

Treatment: None, although treat gently as the hair is more fragile

Seborrhoea (greasiness)

Description: This is excessive oil produced on the scalp or skin by our oil-producing gland.

Cause: Overactive sebaceous gland, can be stress related.

Treatment: Shampoos for greasy hair and scalp tonics.

Caution: Do not over-stimulate the sebaceous gland by vigorous massage.

Keloids

Description: Overgrown area of rubbery scar tissue larger than the original wound

Cause: Not fully understood but may be a problem with the fibroblasts that produce scar tissue- a poor immune system, hormones and genetics may play apart

Treatment: Steroid injections by GP. In severe cases surgery is used to remove the excess tissue

Damaged cuticle

Description: The cuticle scales are roughened and damaged, creating a dull appearance.

 

Cause: Harsh physical or chemical treatment.

Treatment: Restructurant or penetrating conditioning treatments will help to add strength and shine, but this will only be temporary.

Pityriasis Capitis (Dandruff) 

Description: Small, itchy, dry scales, white or grey in colour.

Cause: Overactive production of epidermal cells; can be caused by stress.

Treatment: Dandruff shampoos (e.g. selenium sulphide or zinc pyrithone) or oil conditioners, tonics or creams applied to the scalp.

Infectious Conditions 

Impetigo

Description: This starts off as small blisters on the skin and develops into large yellow scabs.

Cause: Bacteria entering through broken or cut skin.

Treatment: Medical treatment. This is highly infectious and salon treatment should not be undertaken under any circumstances.

In-Growing Hair

Description: Sore raised areas where the hair follicle is

May become pus-filled

Cause: Close shaving, use of clippers or waxing- hair is removed just below the skin surface, and as it grows it doubles over and grows back on itself

Treatment: If the area becomes filled with pus, antibiotic treatment prescribed by a GP is required-for a very mild case, exfoliation may be enough

Folliculitis- Infectious 

Description: Small yellow pustules with hair in the centre.

Cause: Bacterial infection from scratching or contact with an infected person.

Treatment: Advise medical treatment.

Furunclosis ( Boil or Abscess)

Description: Single, pus-filled red infected lump

Usually found around the neck

Cause: An infected hair follicle

Treatment: Boil is lanced to release the pus by the GP and antibiotic treatment prescribed

Ringworm(Tinea capitis) 

Description: Commonly known as ringworm. Pink patches on the scalp develop into round, grey scaly areas with broken hairs. If left untreated will cause hair loss.

Cause: Fungus spread by direct contact (e.g. touching) or indirectly (e.g. through brushes, combs and towels).

Treatment: This is highly infectious and therefore no salon treatment should be undertaken. Advise medical treatment.

Warts

Description: These are flesh-coloured, raised lumps of skin.

Cause: Virus spread by direct contact (e.g. touching). Warts are only infectious if damaged.

Treatment: Salon services can be undertaken, taking care not to catch them with a brush or comb.

Infestations 

Scabies- Infestation 

Description: Red irritating spots and lines under the skin caused by mites burrowing in the skin.

Cause: Animal parasite known as the itch mite often caught from pets.

Treatment: No salon treatment should be undertaken. Advise medical treatment.

Pediculosis capitis- ( Head lice) 

Description: Commonly known as head lice. Small parasites with six legs live off the scalp by biting and sucking the blood. They re-produce by laying eggs (nits) and cementing them to the hair shaft. They can be very difficult to remove.

Cause: Infestation of lice producing nit eggs.

Treatment: No salon treatment. Advise medical treatment from doctor or pharmacist.

List all the hair and skin tests we have covered to date.

Hair and skin tests

• Porosity
• Elasticity
• Incompatibility
•  Skin test
• Pre-perm test curl
• Curl development test
• Colour test
• Strand test
• Perm skin test

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