1.1e Particles in the atom and atomic radius

AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
29 August 2023
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ChemistrySecondary EducationAge 12,13

This lesson contains 46 slides, with interactive quizzes and text slides.

Items in this lesson

AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
29 August 2023

Slide 1 - Slide


Describe how you feel right now 
using an emoji.
😒🙁😐🙂😃

Slide 2 - Poll

  • define and use the term first ionisation energy, IE1  
  • explain that ionisation energies are due to the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron  
  • identify and explain the trends in ionisation energies across a period and down a group of the Periodic Table  
I intend to:
29 August 2023, Tuesday

Slide 3 - Slide

  • explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic/ionic radius, shielding by inner shells and sub-shells and spin-pair repulsion  
  • construct equations to represent first, second and subsequent ionisation energies  
  • identify and explain the variation in successive ionisation energies of an element
I intend to:
29 August 2023, Tuesday

Slide 4 - Slide

  • deduce the electronic configurations of elements using successive ionisation energy data  
  • deduce the position of an element in the Periodic Table using successive ionisation energy data.    
I intend to:
29 August 2023, Tuesday

Slide 5 - Slide

AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
29 August 2023

Slide 6 - Slide

  • Write the noble gas electron configurations or shorthand EC of Elements 1 to 36.
Review
29 August 2023, Tuesday
timer
10:00

Slide 7 - Slide

Review
29 August 2023, Tuesday
REMEMBER 💭
The Periodic Table is split up into four main blocks depending on their electronic configuration:
  • s-block elements (Have their valence electron(s) in an s-orbital)
  • p-block elements (Have their valence electron(s) in a p-orbital)
  • d-block elements (Have their valence electron(s) in a d-orbital)
  • f-block elements (Have their valence electron(s) in an f-orbital)

Slide 8 - Slide

Review
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Exemption to the Rule: Electronic configurations

Chromium and Copper have the following electron configurations, which are different to what you may expect:

Cr = [Ar] 3d5 4s1 not  [Ar] 3d4 4s2
Cu = [Ar] 3d10 4snot  [Ar] 3d9 4s2

Slide 9 - Slide

Review
29 August 2023, Tuesday
  • Free radical - a species with one or more unpaired electrons.

Slide 10 - Slide

AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
29 August 2023

Slide 11 - Slide


Is energy needed to remove 
valence electrons?
Yes.
No.

Slide 12 - Poll

Study this!
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Ca (g)  →  Ca+(g)   +   e-       
          
IE1 = + 590 kJ mol-   @298 K , 101 kPa
WALT: Define and use the term first ionisation energy, IE1 

Slide 13 - Slide

Study this!
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Ca (g)  →  Ca+(g)   +   e-       
          
IE1 = + 590 kJ mol-   @298 K , 101 kPa
  • In a statement form, what does the equation tell you? 
WALT: Define and use the term first ionisation energy, IE1 

Slide 14 - Slide

Study this!
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Ca (g)  →  Ca+(g)   +   e-       
          

WALT: Define and use the term first ionisation energy, IE1 
  • The first ionisation energy of Calcium is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of the gaseous Calcium.

Slide 15 - Slide

Slide 16 - Link

Ionisation Energy
29 August 2023, Tuesday
D E F I N I T I O N
  • Ionisation energy - the amount of energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous ions. 
  •  measured under standard conditions @298 K , 101 kPa
  • unit of measure - kilojoules per mole (kJ mol-)

Slide 17 - Slide

First Ionisation Energy
29 August 2023, Tuesday
E X A M P L E
  • Ca (g) → Ca+(g) + e-         IE1 = + 590 kJ mol-   @298 K , 101 kPa
      
  • The first ionisation energy of Calcium is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of the gaseous Calcium to form one mole of 1+ ions.

Slide 18 - Slide

Attractive Force in an atom
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Explain that ionisation energies are due to the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron  

Slide 19 - Slide

Attractive Force in an atom
29 August 2023, Tuesday
  • Can you break this attractive force?
WALT: Explain that ionisation energies are due to the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron  

Slide 20 - Slide

Attractive Force in an atom
29 August 2023, Tuesday
  • Can you break this attractive force?
  • ionisation energy
WALT: Explain that ionisation energies are due to the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron  

Slide 21 - Slide

  • Nuclear charge
  • Shielding
  • Atomic or ionic radius
  • Spin-pair repulsion
Factors affecting the magnitude of ionisation energy
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic/ionic radius, shielding by inner shells and sub-shells and spin-pair repulsion    

Slide 22 - Slide

  • increases with increasing proton number
  • stronger attractive force between the protons and electrons
  • greater nuclear charge = higher ionisation energy needed
Factor 1- Nuclear charge
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic/ionic radius, shielding by inner shells and sub-shells and spin-pair repulsion    

Slide 23 - Slide

  • more shells = more shielding effect due to inter-electron repulsion
  • more shielding = weaker attractive force
  • more shielding = requires lower ionisation energy
Factor 2 - Shielding
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic/ionic radius, shielding by inner shells and sub-shells and spin-pair repulsion    

Slide 24 - Slide

Slide 25 - Slide

  • Which has the most shielding effect?

Slide 26 - Slide


Which has the most shielding effect?

Slide 27 - Poll

  • larger radius = outer electrons are farther away from the nucleus
  • greater distance from the nucleus = weaker attractive force
  • weaker attractive force = less ionisation energy needed 
Factor 3 - Atomic or ionic Radius 
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic/ionic radius, shielding by inner shells and sub-shells and spin-pair repulsion    

Slide 28 - Slide

Slide 29 - Slide

  • Spin-pair repulsion happens when the electron being removed is spin-paired with another electron in the same orbital.
  •  Non-spin-paired electrons are more difficult to remove, requiring more ionisation energy.
Factor 4 - Spin-pair repulsion
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic/ionic radius, shielding by inner shells and sub-shells and spin-pair repulsion    

Slide 30 - Slide

AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
29 August 2023

Slide 31 - Slide

  • Using the given chart on the first, second, third, and fourth ionisation energies of elements, construct a bar graph.
  • The x-axis is the element in symbol with atomic number, and the y-axis is the first ionisation energy, in kJ mol-.
  • Share your graphs with the class.
Week 4 - Activity A (Paired)
29 August 2023, Tuesday
timer
10:00
WALT: Identify and explain the trends in ionisation energies across a period and down a group of the Periodic Table  

Slide 32 - Slide

Conclusions
29 August 2023, Tuesday
  • Ionisation energies show periodicity.
Across a period 
  • nuclear charge increases
  • atomic radius decreases
  • shielding remains constant
  • gets harder to remove an electron
  • ionisation energy increases
WALT: Identify and explain the trends in ionisation energies across a period and down a group of the Periodic Table  

Slide 33 - Slide

Conclusions
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Down a group
  • nuclear charge increases
  • atomic radius increases
  • distance from the nucleus increases
  • shielding increases
  • gets easier to remove an electron
  • ionisation energy decreases
WALT: Identify and explain the trends in ionisation energies across a period and down a group of the Periodic Table  

Slide 34 - Slide

Conclusions
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Sudden decrease in IE
  • He to Li
  • Ne to Na
Slight decrease in IE
  • Be to B
  • N to O
WALT: Identify and explain the trends in ionisation energies across a period and down a group of the Periodic Table  

Slide 35 - Slide

Slide 36 - Slide

AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
29 August 2023

Slide 37 - Slide


Which is easier to remove?
valence e- from a neutral atom
valence e- from an gaseous ion

Slide 38 - Poll

Successive ionisation energy of elements
29 August 2023, Tuesday
  • increases
WALT: Construct equations to represent first, second and subsequent ionisation energies  
Ca0 (g) → Ca+(g)   +  e-

Ca+(g) → Ca2+(g) + 2e-

Slide 39 - Slide

Successive ionisation energy of elements
29 August 2023, Tuesday
  • increases
WALT: Identify and explain the variation in successive ionisation energies of an element

Slide 40 - Slide

Successive ionisation energy of elements
29 August 2023, Tuesday
  • increases
WALT: Identify and explain the variation in successive ionisation energies of an element

Slide 41 - Slide

AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
29 August 2023

Slide 42 - Slide

Ionisation Energies and Electronic Configuration
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Deduce the electronic configurations of elements using successive ionisation energy data  
Successive ionisation data can be used to:

  • Predict or confirm the simple electronic configuration of elements
  • Confirm the number of electrons in the outer shell of an element
  • Deduce the Group an element belongs to the Periodic Table

Slide 43 - Slide

Ionisation Energies and Electronic Configuration
WALT: Deduce the electronic configurations of elements using successive ionisation energy data
Deduce the position of an element in the Periodic Table using successive ionisation energy data   

Slide 44 - Slide

Self-Assessment for Learning
29 August 2023, Tuesday
T O  D O:
  • Identify two ideas you do not understand quite well in our sessions.
  • Ask someone who can explain and write the explanations in your notebook.
  • Verify your learning from a classmate by sharing it with the teacher.
timer
5:00

Slide 45 - Slide

AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
31 August 2023

Slide 46 - Slide