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International Exam Practice

Urban Threats: Problem-Solution

Many major cities around the world are facing a number of serious threats to their long-term viability.

What are the most significant problems confronting modern urban areas, and what measures could be taken to address them?

Type: Key words / Paragraph focus:

•Task Achievement (TA): Fully addresses all parts of the prompt, presents a clear position, develops ideas fully with relevant, extended, and well-supported ideas.

•Coherence & Cohesion (CC): Logically organises ideas into paragraphs, uses a range of linking devices accurately, has clear progression.

•Lexical Resource (LR): Uses a wide range of vocabulary fluently and flexibly, precise word choice, effective collocations, minimal errors.

•Grammatical Range & Accuracy (GRA): Uses a wide variety of complex structures, full control of grammar and punctuation, minimal errors.

You have just been hired as a senior editor for an exam preparation journal. Your first assignment is to revise this submitted essay.

Elevate the style, structure, and precision to a 7.5+ level.

Focus on: Task Focus, Academic Style, and Cohesion.

Red: For Task Response errors and big structural changes.

Green: For vocabulary upgrades.

Blue: For grammar and linking word improvements.

Introduction

1

In my opinion, the most serious challenges are related to overcrowding and environmental damage.

2

Many of the world's major cities are dealing with critical issues that could affect their long-term survival.

3

Governments and city planners must implement practical solutions to ensure these urban centres remain liveable in the future.

Body paragraph 1: a problem

1

Concurrently, transport networks are overwhelmed. Chronic traffic congestion paralyzes road systems, while public transport services, such as buses and metros, operate far beyond capacity, particularly during peak hours.

2

The primary challenge stems from rapid urbanisation, which places immense strain on infrastructure and housing. This population surge directly results in a critical shortage of affordable housing and exorbitant rental prices, effectively precluding homeownership for a significant proportion of residents.

3

Major metropolitan areas, including London and Tokyo, serve as clear examples of the severe pressure placed on commuting infrastructure by dense populations.

Body paragraph 2: a problem

1

Emissions from vehicles and industrial facilities generate hazardous levels of air pollution, posing a direct and significant risk to public health.

2

This is starkly evident in megacities like Delhi and Beijing, where air quality indices frequently reach levels classified as hazardous by global health organisations.

3

Equally concerning is the severe environmental degradation caused by urban activity.

4

Furthermore, cities struggle with excessive waste generation and a comparative lack of green spaces, which diminishes the overall quality of urban life.

Template in body - problem

Body paragraph 3: solution

1

One critical measure is to legislate for the provision of affordable housing, compelling developers to include a quota of low-cost units in new projects. Concurrently, stringent environmental regulations must be enacted and enforced to curb emissions from industry and private vehicles.

2

Finally, city officials should make it a priority to create more parks and to use renewable energy, like solar power, for government buildings. This combined approach would make cities more sustainable.

3

To mitigate these issues, a decisive and multi-faceted policy response from governments is essential.

4

Substantial public investment should be channelled into expanding and subsidising mass transit systems, with metro networks being a particularly efficient priority, to provide a viable alternative to private car ownership.

Template in body - solution

Conclusion

1

Effective solutions require coordinated government intervention, strategic financial investment, and a commitment to long-term urban planning.

2

In conclusion, while the threats to urban sustainability from overpopulation and environmental degradation are considerable, they are not insurmountable.

3

By implementing these measures, cities can be transformed into more resilient, healthy, and liveable environments for future generations.

problem

big problem

cause

happens because

try to solve

government should

Select a category and write all synonyms for "a problem"

problem

big problem

cause

happens because

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government should

Select a category and write all synonyms for

"a big problem"

problem

big problem

cause

happens because

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Select a category and write all synonyms for "to cause", e.g. give ... to, l... to, r... in, tri..., bring...

problem

big problem

cause

happens because

try to solve

government should

Select a category and write all synonyms for "happens because", e.g. s... from, o... in, can be a... to, a... from.

problem

big problem

cause

happens because

try to solve

government should

Select a category and write all synonyms for "try to solve"

problem

big problem

cause

happens because

try to solve

government should

Select a category and write all synonyms for "government should": governments o_ to_, it falls upon p__ to, the onus is on a_ to

More cars make traffic problems worse. (exacerbate)

Not having enough affordable homes is a big problem in cities.

A lot of pollution happens because we use old factories and too many cars.

Building more metro lines is a good solution for traffic.

We should invest in renewable energy now.

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