10. Part II chapter VIII & chapter IX

• Engels
• Upper Secondary (Key Stage 4)
• GCSE

Goals for today 

Considering a totalitarian regime and how power is maintained

How power is maintained in Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia 

Goldstein's book and Oligarchical collectivism 

AWL

Read the article about North Korea 

1. What is the central idea of the article (articulated in one sentence)? 

2. How does the first paragraph contribute to the central idea of the article? 

3. Quote a sentence that best describes the relationship between North Korean citizens and their government. 

4.Why does the North Korean government punish political deviants? 

5. Quote a detail from the text that best describes how the North Korean government spreads its ideology. 

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Possible ideas for answers 

1. North Korea is an oppressive state that seeks to create unity by controlling its citizens actions at all times. 
   
2. The author provides an example of the power that the North Korean government has over citizens. 
   
3. "Because of its desire for ideological unity among all citizens, the North Korean government has an iron grip over the daily lives of its citizens." (paragraph 6) 
   
4. North Korea punishes those who disagree with their political ideology because they might undermine their principles. 
   
5. "From dawn to dusk, and from birth to death, the Korean people structure their lives around loyalty to the nation and to the Kims." 
   

Discuss with your neighbours your ideas on these questions

• Why do the North Korean citizens not rise up and overthrow their government? 
  
• How does the North Korean government resist change ?
  
• The goal of communism in theory is to create a state that is so equal,  that it does not require a government. Why do you think the Kim dynasty, and other communist countries, fail to achieve and pursue this goal?
  
• How does power corrupt? 
  

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Plan a comparative 

Discuss the similarities and differences between the social structure and political ideas of North Korea and those as outlined in Goldstein's book. 

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Similarities	Differences
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Plan a comparative 

Similarities	differences
Lack of contact with the outside world Propaganda single party control through spying on family, friends, society control through fear - hanging etc surveillance on citizens at all times cultural integrity worship of a single 'divine' leader self-contained economics	Lack of education in 11984 continuous war (no ongoing war hysteria) several countries with one ideology (Oceania, Eurasia, Eastasia) No father to son inheritance of the leadership role/ no living leader No telescreens in N Korea No explicit 'doublethink' No Newspeak or comparable language control

Write your comparative - two paragraphs (similarities and differences)

Discuss the similarities and differences between the social structure and political ideas of North Korea and those as outlined in 'Goldstein's book'. 

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Oligarchical collectivism

An oligarchy is a state governed by a small number of people; collectivism is the belief that land and the means of production should be owned by the community, not by individuals. 

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Winston reads chapter 1 and part of chapter 3 of The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism by Emmanuel Goldstein. Chapter 1 "Ignorance is Strength" Chapter 3 "War is Peace" 

Oligarchical collectivism

Oligarchical collectivism

War is peace - what is the role of war in 1984?

War is peace - what is the role of war in 1984? 

• "It is impossible for it to be decisive" 
  
• "war is for labour power" 
  
• "The primary aim modern warfare...is to use up the products of the machine without raising the general standard of living." 
  
• "an all-round increase in wealth threatened the destruction-indeed, in some sense was the destruction - of a hierarchical society." 
  
• "In the long run a hierarchical society was only possible on a basis of poverty and ignorance." 
  
• " A peace that was truly permanent would be the same as a permanent war... War is Peace

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Ignorance is Strength - what is the role of disinformation and control in 1984?

Ignorance is Strength - what is the role of disinformation and control in 1984? 

•  "human equality was no longer an ideal to be striven after, but a danger to be averted." 
• With the development of television... made it possible to receive and transmit simultaneously." 
• "In Oceania there is no law" 
• " The mutability of the past is the central tenet of Ingsoc." 
• Doublethink  = "To tell deliberate lies while genuinely believing in them, to forget any fact that has become inconvenient" 

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The ministries 

The Ministry of Peace concerns itself with war. 

The Ministry of Truth concerns itself with lies. 

The Ministry of Love concerns itself with torture 

The Ministry of Plenty concerns itself with starvation. 

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AWL

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