Grammar essentials for writing yr1

• Engels
• MBO
• Studiejaar 1

Recap: Grammar essentials for writing AVS 1

Table of contents

• Basic sentence structure SVO & SVOA (subject-verb-object-adverbial)
  
• Capital letters
  
• Interpunctions
  
• Conjunction --> FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
  
• Lay-out
  
• Definite & indefinite articles (the, a, an)
  
• Your vs you’re
  
• They’re/ their/ there
  
• Possessive form
  
• Apostrophe
  
• Does/do/did
  
• Past simple & past participle + irregular verbs
  

SVO & SVOA

SVO: Subject (onderwerp) – Verb (werkwoord) – Object (voorwerp)

The director commands a redo. 

SVOA: Subject (onderwerp) – Verb (werkwoord) – Object (voorwerp) – Adverbial (= extra informatie zoals; wanneer, waar en hoe)

Today, I am going to shoot a movie.

Engels houdt de volgorde meestal vast, ook bij een tijdsaanduiding

Tijdsbepaling

Je zet de tijd meestal aan het begin of einde van de zin:

Today I am going to shoot a movie.

I am going to shoot a movie today.

Capital letters

We use capital letters:

• at the beginning of the sentence
• when using the personal pronoun "I"
• when writing names:

1.  People
2.  Countries, cities, nationalities
3.  Days, months
4.  Title: books, movies, series, songs: "Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone"
5.  Holidays and special occasions: "New Year's Eve"
6.  Abbreviations and initials: "CD, Dr."
7.  Titles before a person’s name: "President Obama"
8.  Important buildings or institutions: "The White House"

Capital letters

• i went to london last summer. --> I went to London last summer.
• my favourite day of the week is friday. --> My favourite day of the week is Friday.
• yesterday, sarah and i watched a movie at the cinema. --> Yesterday, Sarah an I watched a movie at the cinema.

Interpunction

Period /./: At the end of a sentence.

I study English every day.

Comma /,/: 

Use a comma before FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) when joining two independent sentences: "I love hiking, but my friend prefers swimming.

After an introductory phrase: "Before embarking on the journey, they packed their bags." "So,../ Although,../ Wow,.../ Last year,.../ After the Great War,..." 

Exlamation mark /!/: To convey strong emotion and excitement.

That movie was amazing!

Question mark /?/: At the end of every question.

What time does the class start?

Articles the/a/an (lidwoorden)

"the"when referring to a specific noun. "Hand me the book"

"a" before a consonant (medeklinker) sound

"an" before a vowel (klinker) sound

Vowels: a, o, e, i, u

Example:

It took him an hour and a half to get dressed!

I brought a book with me to school.

I love the expression: an apple a day, keeps the doctor away.

your vs you're

"you are" --> contraction (afkorting) --> "you're"

"your" = possessive form (bezittelijke vorm) "your book, your phone, your laptop, etc." 

they're/their/there

Their = belonging to them (possessive form/ bezittelijke vorm "hun/hen")

It's their future.

When is their exam?

They're = they are (contraction/afkorting "ze zijn")

They're extremely nice to me!

These people think they're so cool, but they're not.

There = location or existence (locatie of bestaan "daar/ er is/zijn")

What's happening there?

There are no more tickets available for Bad Bunny.

Possessive form

Possessive form

Gebruik deze vorm als de bezittelijke voornaamwoorden voor een zelfstandige naamwoord komen: 

Possessive form

Gebruik deze vorm als de bezittelijke voornaamwoorden na een zelfstandige naamwoord komen: 

Apostrophe

Possessive form & contraction

Contraction: 

Apostrophe

Possessive form: apostrophe + s after the name or the noun (zelfstandig naamwoord).

When the noun is plural (meervoud), we put the apostrophe after the s:

- Is that Frank’s camera? (Frank = individu= 's )

- There was a big teachers’ conference last week in Mexico City. (teachers= meervoud= s')

- For me, writing an essay involves at least an hour’s work. (an hour = enkelvoud = 's )

- It was just ten minutes’ walk from my house to my office. (ten minutes = meervoud = s')

Do/does/did

Do & Does: present tense

"Do" and "Does" are like question and negative-makers for the present:

• Use do for I, you, we, they:
  
• Example: "Do you like pizza?", "I don't love this subject."
  

• Use does for he, she, it:
  
• Example: "Does she play football?", "John doesn't make any sense most of the time."

Do/does/did

Did: past tense

"Did" is your question and negative-maker for the past, and it's easy because you use it with everyone:

Example: "Did you finish your homework?"

Example: "Did he watch the movie?"

Do/does/did

Past tense

Past Simple: Vertelt wat er is gebeurd (yesterday / last week / last month / last year).

- Meestal voeg je -ed toe aan het werkwoord (verb).

- Sommige werkwoorden (irregular verbs) veranderen helemaal.

Voorbeeld (regular): "Yesterday I walked home."

Voorbeeld (irregular): "Yesterday I ate pizza."

Irregular verbs

- I am a doctor: Ik ben een dokter

- I was a doctor: Ik was een dokter

- I have been a doctor:

Ik ben een dokter geweest

Past tense

Past Participle: Gebruik je samen met have / has / (had)

-Vertaling vaak: "ge-woord" (gedaan, gegeten, gezien).

Voorbeeld: "I have eaten pizza." → "Ik heb pizza gegeten."