5.4 and final exercise

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 1

5.4 - The rise of the Islam

You can explain:

• How islam formed
  
• How the Arab empire formed
  
• How culture and society in the Arab world developed
  
• How the Arab science and art developed
  

Discuss in pairs:

What?

Where?

When?

What? Where? When?

Multiple gods

• In the sixth century, the Arabs were polytheistic
  
• In the city of Mecca stood the Ka'aba: a big black stone. At this place the Arabs offered their gods
• Mecca was located at a crossroads of trade routes and was an important trading city.

A vision

Mohammed was a merchant from Mecca 

In a vision, an angel told him that there is only one god: Allah.

From Mecca to Medina

622

When Muhammed wants to spread his faith, the people in Mecca are against him. So he  flees to Medina.

Many Jews and Christians lived in Medina; they too believe in one God (monotheism).

Back to Mecca - 630

With his Muslims, Muhammad went back to Mecca 

Muhammad conquered the city

Many inhabitants of Mecca then became Muslims

At the Ka'aba people were allowed to pray to Allah only

Five pillars of the Islam

geloofsbelijdenis (sjahada)

الشهادة

rituele gebeden (salat)

الصّلاة

geven aan armen (zakat)

زكاة

vasten

(ramadan)

رمضان

pelgrimstocht 

(hadj)

الحجّ

What is NOT a pillar of Islam?

1. Going to Mecca once in your lifetime
2. Going to the church often
3. Giving money to the poor
4. Praying five times a day

Conquest

• After Muhammad's death, spiritual and political power came into the hands of the caliphs (successors).
  
• They decided to expand the Caliphate (Islamic Empire) by conquest.
  
• Such a war of conquest is called a jihad, a holy war.
  
• The Arab rulers were usually tolerant of Jews and Christians because they believed in the same god as Muslims.
  
• Jews and Christians had to pay extra taxes to the Muslim rulers.

Science and art

• Science flourished in the Arab world.
  
• Many ancient texts were translated from Greek to Arabic.
  
• Thus, much knowledge from classical antiquity was preserved.

Make the right combinations

Holy book for muslims

City from which Muhammad fled in the year 622

The god of the muslims

City to which Mohammed fled in the year 622

People who believe that Mohammed spoke the truth

Quran

Mecca

Muslims

Allah

Medina

Summary assignment

Chapter 5