Modals 3 havo goede versie

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vmbo t, havo
• Leerjaar 3

Modals 3 havo goede versie

Modal Verbs

kunnen, moeten en mogen

Welke modals zijn er (+ontkenningen)? 

1. can (can't) & could (couldn't), be able to (am not/isn't/aren't able to

2. should (shouldn't), have to (don't/doesn't have to), must(mustn't) , ought to (ought not)

3. may, might (may not, might not)

Can, could, may, might, to be able to & to be allowed to

• The English language knows a few verbs that we, in Dutch, would use for situations where we would say: “(zou) kunnen” or “(zou) mogen”
• These are:

• Can + hele werkwoord
  
• Could + hele werkwoord
  
• May + hele werkwoord
  
• Might + hele werkwoord
  
• To be able to + hele werkwoord

The categories

• Before we get started, we need to know that there are three different categories:

1.  (Zou) kunnen
   
2. (Zou) mogen
   
3. Een beleefde vraag stellen

(Zou) kunnen

• Om te zeggen dat iets mogelijk is: can, could,  may or might 
• It can become very hot in Africa (waarschijnlijk).
  
• It could become very hot tomorrow (mogelijk).
  
• It may become hot, but only if the sun manages to come out
  (mogelijk, hoewel onwaarschijnlijk).
  
• It might become hot, but as it’s nearly winter, that’s unlikely
  (mogelijk, zeer onwaarschijnlijk).
• Als iets niet mogelijk is, gebruik je: can’t / cannot, couldn’t / could not, may not or might not.

(Zou kunnen)

• Bij de vaardigheid of de mogelijkheid om iets te doen gebruiken we use can, could or to be able to (meer in staat zijn om).
  
  
• Can is used in the present simple.
  
• Could is used in both the present simple and the past simple.
• To be able to can be used in all verb tenses (alle werkwoordstijden)

• I can help you.
• I could be of assistance.
• Luckily, we could help them with their homework.
• Tim was able to get us tickets!
  
  
• Als we niet de vaardigheid of de mogelijkheid hebben om iets te doen
• can’t / cannot, couldn’t / could not or to be unable to.

(Zou) mogen

• Om aan te geven of we toestemming voor iets hebben gebruiken wij 
  can, could, may
  
  
• Mum says I can stay until midnight 
• Mum said I could stay until midnight (verleden tijd)
• You may speak now.
• Om aan te geven dat wij geen toestemming voor iets hebben, gebruiken wij: 
• can’t / cannot, couldn’t / could not, may not 

Een beleefde vraag stellen

• Om een (erg) beleefde vraag te stellen gebruiken wij can, could, may or might
• Vaak in combinatie met het woord"please"
• Can is de minst beleefde vorm, might is de meest beleefde en formele vorm
  
  

1. Can I have some tea, please?
2. Could I have some tea, please?
3. May I have some tea, please?
4. Might I have some tea, please?

Complete the gaps with a form of can, could, may, might, to be able to

1. ___ you please pass me that book over there?
   
2. When he was young he ___ dance all night long.
   
3. ___ you speak Chinese?
   
4. You ___ at least come with us and meet our new neighbour, don't you think?
   
5. It ___ be possible for me to help you, but don’t get your hopes up.
   
6. She ___ drive but she takes the bus to go to work.
   
7. Nowadays, people ___ travel very easily all over Europe.
   
8. ___ you please let me know your answer by the end of the week?
   
9. I don't know yet, but I ___ come with you after all!

KEY

1. Could you please pass me that book over there?
   
2. When he was young he could dance all night long.
   
3. Can you speak Chinese?
   
4. You could at least come with us and meet our new neighbour, don't you think?
   
5. It may be possible for me to help you, but don’t get your hopes up.
   
6. She can drive but she takes the bus to go to work.
   
7. Nowadays, people are able to travel very easily all over Europe.
   
8. Could you please let me know your answer by the end of the week?
   
9. I don't know yet, but I might come with you after all!

"I ... go to the party, but I am not sure."

1. may
2. might

"I told them I ... (gaan) if I felt like it, but wasn't sure."

Formeel

Informeel

Beleefd

beleefder

beleefd

beleefder

Can

Could

May

Might

waarschijnlijk

iets minder waarschijnlijk

bijna onwaarschijnlijk

Could

May

Might

What he says____be true, but I think it is rather unlikely.

1. may
2. might

I _______ be late for dinner

1. may
2. might

He ____ have seen the accident but I think he was asleep

1. may
2. might

2. James and Sara were so sad, because they ... (niet in staat zijn om) go to their brother's wedding. They were too sick.

3. The students ... (niet in staat zijn om) understand the instructions for the test yesterday, so many of them failed.

4. A: We have a big problem. What ... we do? B: I don't know. Maybe we ... ask our boss for help. (2x)

5. When Tina was a child, she ... speak three languages: French, Arabic and English.

6. I'm sorry. I ... hear you. Please speak more loudly.

7. My little brother ... play piano and guitar.

8. Excuse me. ... I ask you a question?

Have to, must, should

(zou) moeten

Must, have to, should

1. Should (not) + hele werkwoord als jij vindt dat iets (niet) zou moeten. Je geeft advies of raadt iets af.

2. must (not) + hele werkwoord iets moet of is noodzakelijk maar vaak formeel. het wordt vaak gebruikt bij regels, wetten of bevelen. 

3. has to / have to + hele werkwoord : geeft aan dat het noodzakelijk is maar vaak informeel. Je moet iets doen van je ouders bijvoorbeeld of school. 

4. don't have to / doesn't have to + hele werkwoord iets hoeft niet, het is geen verplichting.

Ought to (zou moeten)

– Om uw mening aan te geven dat iets het juiste ding om te doen is / ethisch correct is of niet (ought not)

Bv. You ought to admit that you made a mistake.

– Om een verwachting / waarschijnlijkheid te voorspellen

Bv. The weather ought to be hot in the summer.

– Om een formeel advies te geven of the vragen

Bv. What ought to be done to improve my language skills?

iets moet of is noodzakelijk

Have to: vooral noodzakelijk

Must: formeler en dwingender, regels, wetten, moet van een ander

Voorbeelden

I have to go now, or I'll be late for class.

You really must leave the area.

Iets kan echt niet anders

You must be exhausted after studying so hard.

Let op: hier kan je geen have to gebruiken

Advies geven

Je zou eigenlijk iets moeten doen.

You should drink more water..

Every driver ______ stop for a red traffic light.

1. must
2. ought to
3. have to
4. should

We ________ leave early.

1. ought to
2. must
3. have to
4. should

If students have an exam, they ______ study hard.

1. must
2. ought to
3. have to
4. should

Lucy ______ really learn how to swim. She’s missing out on so much fun.

1. have to
2. should
3. ought to
4. must

Youngsters ______ show respect to elderly people.

1. ought to
2. should
3. must
4. have to

You ___ do your homework or you'll get a punishment.

1. must
2. have to
3. should

There are plenty tomatoes in the fridge, you.... buy any.

1. must not
2. should not
3. don't have to

It's a hospital. You ... drink alcohol.

1. must not
2. don't have to
3. should not

You __ go to the supermarket. I'll do it.

You __ swim in this part of the river. It is very dangerous.

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