Conditionals - zero, first and second conditional

• Engels
• Secundair onderwijs

Conditionals

if- sentences

Conditional sentences

• Creates a condition - result relationship.
• Contains a main clause and a sub-clause (if-clause)
  
• als if in het eerste deel van de zin staat --> komma gebruiken
• als if in het tweede deel van de zin staat --> geen komma

The Zero Conditional

• Wordt gebruikt bij zaken die absoluut gebeuren: wetenschappelijke feiten en algemene waarheden
• if + present simple, present simple

• If you get too close to the sun, you melt
• If you cross a border, you enter another country
• if you heat up ice, it melts

Zero conditionals

We use zero conditionals to talk about general facts, when one event or action always happens as a logical result of another event or action.

If you ask stupid questions,

1. you get stupid answers
2. you will get stupid answers
3. you would get stupid answers
4. you would have got stupid answers.

If I drink coffee at night,

1. it will take me a long time to fall asleep.
2. it takes me a long time to fall asleep.
3. it would take me a long time to fall asleep.
4. it would have taken me a long time to fall asleep.

first conditional

1. If it rains tonight,

1. I don't go out
2. I will not go out
3. I wouldn't have gone out
4. I would go out

2. If Tim studies hard,

1. He would have passed his exam
2. He will pass his exam
3. He passes him exam
4. He would pass his exam

3. If there is an earthquake,

1. Buildings will collapse
2. Buildings collapse
3. Buildings would collapse
4. Buildings would have collapsed

Formal version

Regular: If + present simple + Will + infinitive

Formal: Should + subject + Infinitive+ Will + Infinitive

EXAMPLE:

If you do my homework, I will cook dinner.

Should you do my homework, I will cook dinner

Second conditional - Unlikely to happen

Second conditional

An impossible or imaginary situation

If + past simple, would + infinitive

If it rained, it wouldn't be so bad to stay inside. 

(It is sunny now, so imaginary situation) 

4. If I won the Lottery, I ______ my job. I love it too much.

1. would leave
2. will leave
3. wouldn't leave
4. won't leave

5. If my sister .................. (win) a trip to Greece, she ................. (take) me with her.

1. won, would take
2. won’t, would take
3. won, would taken
4. won, would took

6. We ................... (not change) anything
if we ................. (have) a time machine.

1. wouldn’t change, had
2. would change, had
3. wouldn’t changed, had
4. would change, haved

Formal version

Regular: If + past simple + would+ infinitive

Formal: Were + subject + to + Infinitive + would + Infinitive

EXAMPLE:

If you did my homework, I would cook dinner.

Were you to do my homework, I would cook dinner

Now two mixed questions

Which conditional form?

7. If I put water in the freezer, ...

1. it is going to become ice.
2. it will become ice.
3. it becomes ice.

8. You won't win the competition,

1. if you will train.
2. if you didn't train.
3. If you don't train.

Third conditionals

We use the third conditionals to talk about imaginary situations that did not happen, when the person is imangining a different past

Formal version

Regular: If + past perfect + would have + past participle

Formal: had + subject + past particple + would have + past participle

EXAMPLE:

If you had done my homework, I would have cooked dinner.

Had you done my homework, I would have cooked dinner.

Exercise 

Put the sentences in the proper conditional

Type the whole sentence

If we (listen) to the radio, we (heard) the news, but the TV was on.

it (surprise / not) me if he (know / not) the answer.

I (earn) a lot of money if I (get) that job tomorrow. I think I stand a good chance.

If she (hurry / not), we (miss) the bus.

Shame, she (come) to our party if she (be/not) on holiday.

I (buy) these tiny shoes if they (fit).

If you (breathe) chlorine you (die).

Extra Practice

Put the sentences in the proper conditional

Type the whole sentence

15. If you (go) out with your friends tonight, I (watch) the football match on TV.

18. if he (try) harder, he (reach) his goals.

22. If you (switch) on the lights, you (fall/not) over the chair.

14. If you (add) syrup to water you (make) ranja.