Les 10 - Samenvatting

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AardrijkskundeMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 3

This lesson contains 36 slides, with interactive quizzes and text slides.

time-iconLesson duration is: 3 min

Items in this lesson

Summary

Slide 1 - Slide

Key words §3.1
Fresh water (zoet water): Water with a low concentration of dissolved salt. Drinking water is fresh water too.
Salt water (zout water): Water with a high concentration of dissolved salt. Sea water for example
Precipitation (neerslag): The different ways water falls back down to earth. For instance as rain, snow or hail.
Evaporation (verdamping): The process of water in liquid form turning into water in gaseous (gas) form..
Condensation (condensatie): The proces of a gas turning into a liquid. When watervapour cools it condenses into tiny drops of water and ice crystals. This is what we call clouds.
Infiltration (infiltratie): process by which water enters the soil (bodem)
Hydrological cycle (waterkringloop): The process by which seawater returns to the sea through evaporation and precipitation, and through groundwater and rivers
Watervapour (waterdamp): The gaseous state of water
Surface water (oppervlaktewater): water that is visible, such as lakes, rivers and seas
Ground water (grondwater): Water that is no longer visible, because it has infiltrated into the rock, and is now underground.
Glacier (gletsjer): Large bodies of ice on mountains as a result of snow falling on the mountains, which accumulates over time
Landice (landijs): Masses of ice which are on land


Slide 2 - Slide

Accessible water
  • Only 0,25% of all water is accessible to us

Slide 3 - Slide

Waterstress
Water is not equally divided in multiple ways
  • Worldwide
  • Seasonally
  • Locally
Waterstress happens when more water is used than available in an area

Slide 4 - Slide

Slide 5 - Slide

The short water cycle!
Hydrological cycle (waterkringloop): The process by which seawater returns to the sea through evaporation and precipitation, and through groundwater and rivers

Slide 6 - Slide

The long water cycle!
Hydrological cycle (waterkringloop): The process by which seawater returns to the sea through evaporation and precipitation, and through groundwater and rivers

Slide 7 - Slide

Key words §3.2
Water balance (waterbalans): The amount of water that goes into and out of an area
Useful precipitation (nuttige neerslag): The difference between precipitation and evaporation
Fossil water (fossiel water): Water under the ground that dates back to ancient times
Aquifer (Aquifer): Layer that holds water underground
Renewable water sources (vernieuwbaar water): A source of water that replenishes at the same rate it is used
Non-renewable water sources (Niet-vernieuwbaar water): A source of water that barely gets replenished, or not at all. So if it is used it will eventually run out. Like an aquifer.
Sustainable water management (Duurzaam waterbeheer): A way of using water which only uses renewable water sources.

Slide 8 - Slide

Water balance
Water balance (waterbalans): The amount of water that goes into and out of an area

Slide 9 - Slide

Water coming in
Three main ways
  • Precipitation (neerslag)
  • Rivers
  • Fossil water (fossiel water): Water under the ground that dates back to ancient times

Slide 10 - Slide

Water going out
  • Evaporation
  • Runoff

Slide 11 - Slide

Fossil water
  • Fossil water (fossiel water): Water under the ground that dates back to ancient times
  • Aquifer (Aquifer): Layer that holds water underground
  • Most used in dry regions of the world

Slide 12 - Slide

Sustainable water management
Two ways to achieve sustainable water management
  • Make sure more water is coming in from renewable sources
  • Make sure less water is leaving an area

Slide 13 - Slide

Water coming in
Three main ways
  • Precipitation (neerslag)
  • Rivers
  • Fossil water (fossiel water): Water under the ground that dates back to ancient times

Slide 14 - Slide

Sustainable water management
  • Desalination plants (making fresh water from salt water)
  • Making water from the air

Slide 15 - Slide

Water going out
  • Evaporation
  • Runoff

Slide 16 - Slide

Sustainable water management
  • Decrease runoff by building dams
  • Prevent evaporation by using more efficient irrigation
  • Genetically modified plants that use less water

Slide 17 - Slide

Waterbalans interpreteren

Slide 18 - Slide

Key words §3.3
Hurricane (Orkaan):A tropical storm with windspeeds over 200 km per hour.
Peak discharge (Piekafvoer): The max amount of water going trough a river after a rainstorm. If a flood happens this is the moment.
Soil subsidence (bodemdaling): Sinking of the ground.

Slide 19 - Slide

Effects of flooding
  • Direct effects
  • Indirect effects

Slide 20 - Slide

Effects of flooding
  • Direct effects
  • Indirect effects
Loss of electricity
Loss of water from the tap
No more infrastructure
No more new food in the supermarket

Slide 21 - Slide

Measures against flooding
Short-term:
  • constructing dykes, dams and retention basins;
  • monitoring the weather in the entire river basin;
  • educating and training citizens (for example, evacuation practice etc.);
  • safeguarding drinking water and food after flooding.


Slide 22 - Slide

Measures against flooding
Long-term:
  • making room for the river: no longer locking up the river between dykes but giving back the flood plains to the river (also upstream);
  • reducing the enhanced greenhouse effect: this will help prevent the sea level rising and extreme weather;
  • making a location policy, where people are moved or banned from risk areas as much as possible.

Slide 23 - Slide

Peak discharge (Piekafvoer)
so it is the max amount of water going trough a river after a rainstorm. If a flood happens this is the moment

Slide 24 - Slide

Risk factors
  • River and coastal plains. As much as 70 percent of the world population lives along rivers or close to the coast. Often in these low-lying areas there is the threat of flooding.
  • Areas at the foot of a mountain with a rocky surface. During heavy rainfall, there is almost no water that can sink into the soil, so all the water goes into the river at the same time. The bed of the river is often too small to absorb this peak discharge.
  • Areas where the melting of the snow coincides with heavy rainfall in the summer.
  • Areas where tropical hurricanes are common. A hurricane causes heavy rainfall and blows the water against the coast, making the sea level much higher.
  • Areas where deforestation is taking place upstream. In heavy rainfall there is no more forest that can hold the water for a while like a sponge. As a result, the water immediately flows into the river.
  • Areas which have been fossilised due to urban development.
  • Areas with soil subsidence due to the pumping up of groundwater.


Slide 25 - Slide

Slide 26 - Slide

Economic water shortage
If there is not enough money to get enough water to the people of an area

For instance if there are no pipelines to bring water to people

Slide 27 - Slide

Slide 28 - Slide

Physical water shortage
If there is just not enough water in an area

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Slide 31 - Slide

Dealing with little water
Three options:
  • Hold on to the water you have
  • Make more water
  • Use less water

Slide 32 - Slide

How to manage too much water (the Dutch way)
Three step strategy
  • Store (vasthouden)
  • Save (bergen)
  • Drain (afvoeren)

Slide 33 - Slide

Wat is de overeenkomst tussen verstening van de stedelijke omgeving en ontbossing als we kijken naar overstromingen?

Slide 34 - Open question

Wat is het verschil tussen vasthouden en bergen in de drietrapsstrategie?

Slide 35 - Open question

In landen die veel gebruik maken van aquifers voor hun water is er vaak geen sprake van duurzaam waterbeheer. Leg aan de hand van het plaatje uit waarom dit komt, en in welk geval duurzaam waterbeheer wel mogelijk zijn met gebruik van aquifers.

Slide 36 - Open question