Chapter 4_Italy, 1861- 71_HL_DP1

Italy after 1861 pages 96-110
- Unrest in the south: civil war
- Garibaldi returned from exile, attempted to seize Rome.
- the Italian state had to try and bring Italy together.
- the North (developing) vs the South (poverty).

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HistorySecondary Education

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Italy after 1861 pages 96-110
- Unrest in the south: civil war
- Garibaldi returned from exile, attempted to seize Rome.
- the Italian state had to try and bring Italy together.
- the North (developing) vs the South (poverty).

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- Italy tried to gain status by forging alliances with Austria and Germany. They were involved in the alliance system after 1879.
- Italy gained colonies.
- Continued military failures affected this process.

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By 1890
- greater unity existed but problems continued.

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1860s : pages 98-101
Problems:
1. the ``Roman Question'' faced by Cavour. The Pope lost papal states to the new Italy and only Rome existed as papal territory. A rift arose with the Catholic Church which was a problem as many Italians were Catholic.

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- Furthermore, France and Austria were also Catholic.
2. Problem of gap between the north and south.
3. Little experience existed in Italy with creating a constitutional and parliamentary state. Piedmont took the lead but their form of government was not ideal.
4. Conditions needed in Italy to run a democratic state did not exist in Italy yet. What are these conditions?

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5. Agricultural issues: hardships of farming, a growing population meant that food production could not keep up.
6. Italy's position in the world: Napoleaon III was not impressed with the new Italy, Austria held Italian territory, and there was a need to maintain Italy's navy. The latter was a financial burden.

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7. Nationalists were dissatisfied by the fact that unification was incomplete. Uprisings continued. Socialism was on the rise. Many workers were attracted to the ideas of Karl Marx.

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The south
- Taxation: Italy was in debt. The south was poor and its infrastructure was behind that of the north. Agriculture was not thriving.
- The government in Piedmont raised taxes all over Italy. This resulted in resentment in the south.

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- Many people emigrated to North and South America. Mass migration began in 1876.
- Language barriers: southerners could not understand the new officials.
- Iliteracy

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Case study: Pontelandolfo

What happened here?

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Note-taking task
Take notes on 4.2 up to The expansion of Italy after 1861

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