Global Perspectives Component 1

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Chapters 1 + 2

Component 1

GP 

Global Perspectives Chapter  1 and 2

The Critical Path and Strong arguments

On pages 8-12 an introduction to the Critical Path is given

GPR: Command words

Most GPR examination questions do not end with a question mark but instead use a word that tells the learner what they need to do. 

For example, ‘Explain’, Describe’, ‘Compare’ and ‘Discuss’. These words are often called command words.

www.cambridgeinternational.org

Even though the internet is now an established part of the modern world, there remains much debate about its benefits and drawbacks. On the one hand, the internet connects people and organisations, and makes the flow of ideas and information much more efficient than it has been in the past. On the other hand, that ease of communication can be a drawback, as it is more difficult to maintain personal privacy as a result.

Identify the advantages mentioned in this text.

Even though the internet is now an established part of the modern world, there remains much debate about its benefits and drawbacks. On the one hand, 1) the internet connects people and organisations, and 2) makes the flow of ideas and information much more efficient than it has been in the past. On the other hand, that ease of communication can be a drawback, as it is more difficult to maintain personal privacy as a result.

Identify the disadvantages mentioned in this text.

Even though the internet is now an established part of the modern world, there remains much debate about its benefits and drawbacks. On the one hand, the internet connects people and organisations, and makes the flow of ideas and information much more efficient than it has been in the past. On the other hand, that 1) ease of communication can be a drawback, as it is more difficult to maintain personal privacy as a result.

(Evaluate) Do you think the internet's benefits outweigh its drawbacks or not?

Even though the internet is now an established part of the modern world, there remains much debate about its benefits and drawbacks. On the one hand, 1) the internet connects people and organisations, and 2) makes the flow of ideas and information much more efficient than it has been in the past. On the other hand, 1) that ease of communication can be a drawback, as it is more difficult to maintain personal privacy as a result.

GP 

Global Perspectives Chapter 2

Strong arguments

Definitions

A claim is:      a statement which may or may not be true.

A reason is:       a claim used to support a conclusion.

An assertion is:        an unsupported claim.

An argument is: one or more reasons leading to a conclusion.

A conclusion:     a claim about the world which we are asked to accept based on reasons

An 'argument indicator'

a term used specifically to signpost the reasons or conclusions in an argument. E.g. therefore or because

Lou Gehrig, a great Yankees baseball player who was diagnosed with ALS to die 2 years after delivered this most famous sports speech on 4 July 1939 in New York. 

"Fans, for the past two weeks you have been reading about a bad break I got. Yet today I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth."

         "I have been in ballparks for seventeen years and have never received anything but kindness and encouragement from you fans. Look at these grand men. Which of you wouldn’t consider it the highlight of his career just to associate with them for even one day? Sure I’m lucky."

         "Who wouldn’t consider it an honor to have known Jacob Ruppert? Also, the builder of baseball’s greatest empire, Ed Barrow? To have spent six years with that wonderful little fellow, Miller Huggins? Then to have spent the next nine years with that outstanding leader, that smart student of psychology, the best manager in baseball today, Joe McCarthy? Sure I’m lucky.

When the New York Giants, a team you would give your right arm to beat, and vice versa, sends you a gift - that’s something. When everybody down to the groundskeepers and those boys in white coats remember you with trophies -- that’s something.

When you have a wonderful mother-in-law who takes sides with you in squabbles with her own daughter -- that’s something.

When you have a father and a mother who work all their lives so you can have an education and build your body -- it’s a blessing.

When you have a wife who has been a tower of strength and shown more courage than you dreamed existed -- that’s the finest I know.

So, I close in saying that I might have been given a bad break, but I've got an awful lot to live for."

This speech is filled with

1. rhetoric
2. arguments
3. descriptions
4. other

A strong argument

To decide whether an argument is strong, look for

1. Structure: Its reasons and conclusion will be related in such a way that if the reasons are true, the conclusion will likely be true.
2. Contents: The reasons will make claims that are true, or have a high probability of being true.
3. Context: The argument as a whole fits the circumstances in which it was intended to apply.

A little more on structure: 

In academic work you'll encounter long and complex arguments. If you want to find out whether they're strong or weak or somewhere in between:

• Break them down into smaller arguments and decide if there are lines of arguments, how well they support each other and back up each aspect of the conclusion. Look for possible counter-arguments and how they are challenged.
• Look for a the width of the inferential gap: the more assertions -unstated claims- need to be made to accept the conclusion, the weaker the argument.

Let's look at an example of each

1 structure

2 contents

3 context

1. Focus on structure

Consider argument (I):

If it's hot in Moscow, then it's unbearable in Lewiston.

It's hot in Moscow.

----------------------

Therefore, it's unbearable in Lewiston.

If A, then B.

A

----------------------

Therefore, B.

2. Focus on contents

Form is okay, but....

 Evaluating the Content

Consider argument (II):

If Idaho is larger than California, then it is larger than Alaska.

Idaho is larger than California.

----------------------

Therefore, Idaho is larger than Alaska.

3. Focus on context

It is important to remember that arguments are given in contexts, and if these don't fit together, then you need to evaluate the argument negatively.

Look at these important keywords from your GP book -pages 19-26- . Can you explain them in your own words? 

1. line of argument, 2. inferential gap, 3. assumption, 4. intermediate conclusion, 5. main conclusion, 6. primary evidence, 7. secondary evidence, 8. quantitative evidence, 9. qualitative evidence and 10. reliability.

When analysing sources

   .

Strength of reasoning:  • logic                              • structure                           * counterarguments used

                                                  • balance                       • claims                                • empathy shown. 

Authority and expertise  • ability to know.

Use of language:  • tone – emotive, exaggerated, precise, measured           • using stylistic devices

                                      • clarity.

Evidence:         • range of information and depth                                 • relevance

                              • sufficiency – sample                                                        • source – media; internet

                              • date – how recent                                                             • different types of information – fact, opinion, value, anecdote

                               • testimony – from experience and expert. 

Sources of bias or vested interest:               • local interest                               • personal interest

                                                                                       • political                                          • economic

                                                                                       • personal values                          • experience. 

Candidates may support their judgement by considering:

Global Perspectives Component 1

Very important!!

Look at your V6 Engels Studiewijzer: New section GP Comp 1.

Look at Candidates responses and the corresponding assessment sheets

Furthermore: old papers, assessment reports

Wednesday 19 October

Where?  Collegezaal

When?  14.00 p.m.

How long?   1.5 hours

How?  You write your paper (READABLE!)

See you then!