4.2 A divided world

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Cold War

A divided world

Result WOII

* Allied leaders didn't trust each other

* Afraid the other would expand their power

* US and Soviet Union

Iron Curtain

* Churchill 

* Iron Curtain -> Boundry between 

* Democratic/capitalist West  <-> Communist East

West and East Block grew apart in 3 stages

1. Dividing of Germany

* Reaction Stalin: Berlin Blockade

- All supply routes closed to West Berlin

* US Airlift

* Stalin cancelled blockade

2. Military alliances

* 1949 Western countries NATO

- Support each other if one was attacked

* 1955 East Block responded: Warsaw Pact

- Prevent enemy attacks

- Difference: intervene if one country wanted to abolish

3. Closed gap in the Iron Curtain

* 1961

* People fled through Berlin to West Germany

* Dissatisfied with communism

* Freedom and welfare in West

* Berlin Wall

Berlin Wall

Symbol of the Cold War

Berlin Wall 

Rising tension outside Europe

* Communism arose in China

* The US were afraid other area's in Asia would follow

* Domino theory

Korean War

* Two Koreas arose

* North Korea -> communist

* South Korea -> capitalist

* North attacked south in 1950

* International army led by US helped South

* China helped North

* 1953 truce 

Korea war (1950-1953)

K

Assignments

Do assignment 1 on page 27 and assignments 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 and 11a&b on page 31-32.

Cold War

A divided world

Part 2

Vietnam War

* North -> Communist

* South -> Capitalist

* US protected South Vietnam

* China and SU protected the North

* 1973 US was defeated

Three reasons why the US was defeated

1. Guerrilla warfare

* Light weapons

* Small and unexpected attacks

2. Some South Vietnamese people turned againt the US

* South Vietnamese regime -> Corrupt

* Backed by the US

3. Less support in the West

* War reported daily on the television

* Shocked by what they saw and read

* Didn't see a communist threat

* Violent repression of a nation

Reputation of the US

* Damaged

* Not so powerfull

* Seen as the bad guys

Cold War

* No escalation in a World War

* Nuclear weapons

* Arms race

* MAD-situation --> Mutual Assured Destruction

* Cuba Crisis

Cuba Crisis

* Fidel Castro -> control of Cuba

* Americans wanted to force him out

* Soviet Union helped Castro.  -> nuclear weapons on Cuba

* Threat nuclear war

Assignments

Do assignment 11 on page 32

Answers to question 11

11a) A --> Domino theory

11b) North Vietnam - 1938 - agreed to this - keep the peace in Europe

11c) He compares to appeasement, Johnson believes this does not work. He is in favor of a firm stance against communism

11d) A(Berlin) E(Korea)

11e) Johnson believed in the Domino Theory. He believed that if the US allowed North Vietnam to become communist, other countries would follow