HV/TL 2 Engels Grammar H5: Past simple, Past perfect, Indirect speech, and quantity.

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• mavo, havo
• Leerjaar 2

HV/TL 2 Engels Grammar H5: Past simple, Past perfect, Indirect speech, and quantity.

Planning of today

• Learning goals
• Grammar: Past simple
• Grammar: Past perfect
• Grammar: Indirect speech
• Grammar: Quantity
• Homework
  
• Check learning goals

Learning goals

• I can use and understand the past simple.
• I can use and understand the past perfect.
• I can use and understand indirect speech. 
• I can use and understand the correct quantifier. 

Past simple

Gebruik:

   - verleden > helemaal voorbij

   - je weet wanneer het gebeurde

   - het is afgesloten / afgerond

VB: I worked there last week.

VB: She ran a marathon two days ago.

Negatives in the Past simple

Als je negations wil maken in de present simple heb je het hulp werkwoord, did not nodig.  Als je een negetion maakt komt er geen -ed achter het werkwoord, je gebruikt de STAM.

VB: He did not help me yesterday.

VB: We did not help them last week.

Past perfect

Je gebruikt de past perfect (had + voltooid deelwoord) wanneer je meerdere momenten in het verleden bespreekt. De past perfect gebruik je dan voor dat wat het langst geleden is en de past simple voor dat wat minder lang geleden heeft plaatsgevonden. 

VB: I had defeated my friend Jimmy, before his parents arrived

I had defeated my friend Jimmy (het langst geleden = past perfect), before his parents arrived (minder lang geleden = past simple).

Past perfect

Past perfect = had + voltooid deelwoord

Regelmatige werkwoorden (to live, to work, etc.) krijgen dus -ed erachter als voltooid deelwoord. Belangrijke uitzonderingen zijn:

Werkwoorden die eindigen op -e, krijgen alleen -d erachter:

- to bake: baked

Werkwoorden die eindigen op -c, krijgen -ked erachter:

- to panic: panicked

Werkwoorden die eindigen op -y, met een medeklinker ervoor, krijgen -ied:

- to marry: married

Indirect speech

You report on what someone else said earlier. Omdat dit dus eerder is gezegd gebruik je altijd de past tense. (Past simple en Past perfect)

- Past simple: Het woordje zeggen wordt altijd said.

- Past perfect: De andere werkwoorden in de zin, want die zijn langer geleden dan wat iemand heeft gezegd.

VB: He said that he had killed Wellington. 

Quantifiers

Quantifiers

Many, much & a lot of: All these words mean 'veel'. 

You only use a lot of in positive sentences

- I see a lot of cars. 

Much and many are used in negative sentences or questions.

- How many friends did you bring to the party?

- How isn't much water is in the bucket.

When do you use many and when do you use much? 

Many if it is countable: Many friends -> Three friends.

Much if it is 'uncountable': Much water -> 3? 4? 50000 litres? 

Quantifiers

Little & few: Both these words mean 'weinig'. 

 

Little and Few are used in negative sentences or questions.

- How little water did the dog drink?

- How few friends did you bring to the party?

When do you use Little and when do you use Few? 

Little if it is 'uncountable': Little water -> 2 litres? 

Few if it is countable: Few friends -> Two friends.

Quantifiers

A Little & A few: Both these words mean 'weinig'. 

 

A Little and A Few are used positive sentences

- I think there is a little food left!

- A few of my friends made it!

When do you use A Little and when do you use A Few? 

A Little if it is 'uncountable': Little food-> two crumbs, around 1 kilo? 

A Few if it is countable: Few friends -> Two friends.

There are __________ stars in the sky.

1. a few
2. few
3. many
4. much

We have __________ homework to do tonight.

1. many
2. few
3. little
4. a little

She has __________ friends in the city.

1. lots of
2. a few
3. little
4. much

There are __________ apples in the basket.

1. little
2. a little
3. few
4. lots of

Homework

Exercise 3 Theme 5. 

Klaar? Ga aan alvast de woordjes leren.

Werk eerst 10 minuten in complete stilte:

Learning goals

• I can use and understand the past simple.
• I can use and understand the past perfect.
• I can use and understand indirect speech. 
• I can use and understand the correct quantifier.