L8: Review & Quiz

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 1

Functions of the skeleton:

1. Supporting our body 
   
2. Protecting important organs
3. Movement (muscles pull the bones)
4. Making blood cells 
   

Bones you need to know:

1. Skull
   
2. Upper jaw
   
3. Lower jaw
   
4. Cervical Vertebrae
   
5. Thoracic Vertebrae
   
6. Lumbar vertebrae
   
7. Clavicle
   
8. Scapula
   
9. Sternum
   
10. Ribs
    
11. Humerus
12. Radius
13. Ulna

1. Carpels
2. Metacarpels
   
3. Phalanges (hand)
   
4. Pelvis
   
5. Sacrum
   
6. Coccyx
   
7. Femur
   
8. Patella
   
9. Tibia
   
10. Fibula
    
11. Tarsels
    
12. Metatarsels
    
13. Phalanges (feet)
    

Endoskeleton

- bones inside the body

- bones made of calcium

- all vertebrates have bones

- all vertebrates have the same basic structures

1. skull
2. backbone (vertebrae), 
3. rib-cage, 
4. limbs and 
5. limb-girdles
   

Liquid Skeleton

- no bones but tubes filled with water

- usually water animals

- exception to this rule is worms

Exoskeleton

- a hard outer shell made of chitin

- soft on the inside

- all arthropods (geleedpotigen) have an exoskeleton

- they have joints just like us so they can move

- they grow by moulting

- they have metamorphosis

Joints

Types: fixed, gliding, bal and socket, hinge & pivot joint. Rembember how they move and examples!

Important parts: cartilage, tendons, ligaments, bones, muscles, liquid

How they work: muscles, antogonists

Examples: hip, skull, elbow, knie, radius & Ulna

Injuries

Muscless: With muscles you can have a sprain or a pulled muscle. A sprain is more severe than a pulled muscle

Joints: Dislocation (one bone in a joint is out of its correct place) Torn or displaced cartliage

Breaks: Simple fracture, greenstick fracture, compound fracture, open fracture

Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis

The body's white blood cells start attacking the joints this makes them stiff and painfull

Osteo arthritis

The cartilage is damaged and worn out because of year of hard work

THIS IS A JELLYFISH, WHAT TYPE OF SKELETON DOES IT HAVE

1. ENDOSKELETON
2. EXOSKELETON
3. LIQUID SKELETON

WHAT TYPE OF SKELETON DO FISH HAVE?

1. EXO SKELETON
2. ENDOSKELETON
3. LIQUID SKELETON

What type of joint is the Radius and Ulna

1. Fixed
2. Bal and socket
3. Hinge
4. Pivot

What is not a function of the skeleton?

1. Movement
2. Blood cell production
3. Support
4. Digestion

Name 3 bones present in the leg

Name 3 bones above the pelvis

What type of fracture is this?

1. Greenstick
2. Open
3. Compound
4. Simple