4.1 The aftermath of WWII

Ch 5 The cold war
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to define the key-word Cold War and identify its historical significance through some songs
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This lesson contains 41 slides, with text slides and 7 videos.

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Ch 5 The cold war
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to define the key-word Cold War and identify its historical significance through some songs

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AGE 10: the Time of Television and Computer
1950 - 2000

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What was the COLD WAR?
It was a conflict between capitalism: USA (and its allies) and 
communism: Soviet Union (and its allies)
When? Between 1945 and 1990
Why Cold? The conflict never escalated into a real (hot) war, but was fought mainly by means of propaganda, threats and intimidation.

The 2 superpowers (USA and S.U.) did fight each other in smaller theaters of war, like: Korea, Cuba, Vietnam and Berlin.

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Yalta Conference
February 1945





  • The Allies meet in Yalta to discuss what needs to happen after the war
  • The Big Three are: Churchill (UK), Roosevelt (US) and Stalin (SU)

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Feb 1945
Jalta Conference:
What to do with Germany / Europe after the war?

  1. Germany to be divided in four occupation zones. Berlin also split up.
  2. German army disbanded and war criminals to be tried before an international court
  3. A new world organisation to be set up called the United Nations (the UN)
  4. Free elections in all liberated countries

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A: Germany in 1948
B: Berlin in 1948
Map A
Map B
The results of Jalta: 1. occupation zones

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The results of Jalta: 4. Free, democratic elections in liberated countries.....
but Stalin had other plans.....
Eastern European countries were forced to become communist states = satellite states

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Satellite states
The countries the Soviets 'liberated' became satellite state states 

The main goal for the SU? 
Creating a buffer against new European attacks
Satelitte state
a state that is officially independent, but is under heavy political, economic and militairy control of another country.

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The results of Jalta: the United Nations (UN), Oct. 24th, 1945
An international organisation, founded in 1945 to prevent future conflicts.

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The Iron Curtain 

From Stettin in the Baltic to Triest in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. (...) The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy.

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to contain  =  prevent something bad from spreading

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Containment policy =  The American policy to stop communism from spreading any further.
Examples: Truman Doctrine & the Marshall Plan

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Ch 4 The cold war Era
4.1: The aftermath of WW2 and the beginning of the Cold War

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1. the Truman Doctrine (1947)
The USA is going to stop communism from spreading further.
This may be seen as the beginning of the "COLD WAR".
"I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."

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4

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2. The Marshall Plan (1948)
  • Marshall aid also stimulated the American economy
  • the USA made capitalism (more) attractive (than communism).
  • By helping Western Europe recover economically, the USA contributed to the containment of communism.

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Western response: The Berlin Airlift.

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After 11 months, Stalin gave up and lifted the blockade.

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A: Berlin in 1948
B: Germany in 1948
Map A
Map B

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Two German States 1949
- Federal Republic  (West)
- German Democratic Republic (East)

Differences 
West Germany had a free market economy and became a strong economic country
East Germany had a communist planned economy, which was very inefficient.















West Germany: Bundes Republic Deutschland (BRD)
East Germany: Deutsche Democratische Republic (DDR)

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From East to West?
  • People tried to flee to the West
  • Dangerous: the Iron Curtain!
  • Berlin wasn't closed: free movement between zones
  • More and more citizens fled via West-Berlin

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Construction of the Berlin Wall

In East Germany, the Berlin Wall was called: The Anti-Fascist Protective Wall. 


To end the depopulation, the East German government gave the order to build a wall.


The Berlin Wall had an enormous impact on the lives of many Berliners: people lost their jobs or were separated from their families.
















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Time to work=
  • Read par 4.1
  • Learn: par 4,1
  • Do: par 4.1 ( ex 1-2-3-4-6-10 )
  • Make a summary
timer
10:00

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1

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2

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