STRU-Unit 10: Modals of deduction, indirect questions, phrasal verbs

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Welcome to quokka week!

February 9, 2021

After this lesson, you can...

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Lesson plan

• Instruction about modals of deduction (10 min)
• Instruction about indirect questions (10 min)
• Time to work on homework

Modals of deduction (present)

"Somebody is knocking on the door! Who is that?"

Response:

must/might/could/can't + infinitive

Modals of deduction (past)

"Somebody was knocking on the door yesterday! Who was that?"

Response:

must/might/could/can't + have + past participle

The difference

"Somebody was knocking on the door yesterday! Who was that?"

Response:

must/might/could/can't + have + past participle

Present tense	Friend : “I feel your phone buzzing! Who’s calling?”	Past tense	Friend : “Somebody has eaten my hot dog. Who was that?”
Use	Example response	Use	Example response
We use must + infinitive when we feel sure that something is true because there’s very strong evidence.	“ It must be John. He visited me today.”	We use must + past participle (present perfect) when we feel sure about something in the past.
We use might + infinitive or could + infinitive to say that we think something is possible but we’re not sure.	"It might be Jehovah's Witnesses. They often go door to door."	We use might + past participle or could + past participle to say that we think something was possible, but we aren’t sure.	"It might have been Jane. She was in the kitchen 10 minutes ago."
We use might not + infinitive to say that we think something isn’t possible but we’re not sure.	"It might not be Lisa. I think she would have called if she wanted to visit us."	We use might not + past participle to say that we think something wasn’t possible, but we aren’t sure.
We use can’t + infinitive when we feel sure something is not true.	"It can't be Sarah. She is in Green Forest now."	We use can’t + past participle when we feel sure something didn’t happen in the past.

Word order of indirect questions

• No auxiliary verbs (do/does/did)
  > "Where is the Torenlaan?" vs. "Do you know where the Torenlaan is?"
• Forms of to be and have after the subject
  > "How has he managed to fail so many tests?" vs. "Do you know how he has managed to fail so many tests?"
• Can becomes Would it be possible/Is there a chance/Could it be possible
  > "Can you finish the project by tomorrow?" vs. "Would it be possible for you to finish the project by tomorrow?"
• Yes/No questions: if
  > "Does Tom like Italian food?" vs. "Do you know if Tom likes Italian food?"

Homework

• Exercise 2d, 5c, 5d, 5h from Unit 10, on page 75-76 of your student's book.
• Exercise 1 and 3 from Unit 10, on page 60-62 of your workbook.

Direct vs. Indirect questions

• "Where is the Torenlaan?" vs. "Do you know where the Torenlaan is?"
  > What happens to the verb? And what happens to the auxiliary verb (do/does/did)?
• "Why did you move to Australia?" vs. "I was wondering why you moved to Australia?" > What happens to the verb?
• "How has he managed to fail so many tests?" vs. "Do you know how he has managed to fail so many tests?" > What happens to the verb(s) have/has/had?

Direct vs. Indirect questions

• "Can you finish the project by tomorrow?" vs. "Would it be possible for you to finish the project by tomorrow?" > What happens to can?
  
• "Does Tom like Italian food?" vs. "Do you know if Tom likes Italian food? 
  > Why is the word if added here, do you think? Can you think of another example?

On the next slide...

One of the following indirect questions in incorrect.
Which one is it?

How much does this motorcycle cost?

1. Could you tell me how much this motorcycle cost?
2. Could you tell me how much this motorcycle costs?
3. Would you be able to tell me how much this motorcycle costs?
4. Can you tell me how much this motorcycle costs?

Direct vs. Indirect questions

• "What time is it?" vs. "Could you tell me what time it is?"
  > Which one is indirect and why?
  
  
• Could you tell me...
  
• Would it be possible to...
• Do you know...
• I was wondering...

Direct questions

"What is the weather like in California?"
"How do we get to the hotel?"

Word order:

(auxiliary) + subject + verb

Indirect questions

"What is the weather like in California?" 
"Do you know what the weather is like in California?"

"How do we get to the hotel?"

"Can you let me know how we get to the hotel?"

Indirect questions

Rule: Direct questions are often considered to be rude when talking to strangers.  To be more polite, we use indirect questions.

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Homework

• Do workbook exercise 1 from Unit 10 (WB page 60)
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Modals of deduction in the past

The Rule = To make guesses about the past, we must use: 
must/might (not)/can't/could (not) + have + past participle

can't = when we are sure something didn't happen in the past
> You can't have seen my mother yesterday, she's currently on a holiday.

could (not) = when we feel sure something did (not) happen in the past

> He couldn't have ran away, he lived a happy life!